Variable | Use of generics | Use of other substitutes | Studies |
---|---|---|---|
Co-payment | N/A | + | Esposito1 [45] (US, OS, CD, R) |
Multi-tier formulary (vs. 1- or 2-tiers) | 0 | + | Huskamp et al. [125] (US, NS, CD, R); Motheral and Fairman [28] (US, NS, CD, R) |
Multi-tier formulary (vs. 1- or 2-tiers) | 0 | N/A | Gibson et al. [90] (US, NS, PD, R); Motheral and Henderson [63] (US, NS, CD, R) |
Multi-tier formulary (vs. 1- or 2-tiers) | N/A | + | Kamal-Bahl and Briesacher [91] (US, OS, CD, R); Landsman et al. [65] (US, NS, TD, R); |
Co-insurance | 0 | N/A | Liebowitz et al. [48] (US, ES, CD, R); Newhouse [49] (US, ES, CD, R) |
Mixed system | + | N/A | Hong and Shepherd [46] (US, OS, CD, NR); Mortimer [47] (US, OS, CD, R) |
Reference pricing (non-RP drugs) | + | N/A | Marshall et al. [42] (CA, NS, TD, R); McManus et al. [43] (AU, NS, TD, R); Narine et al. [44] (CA, NS, TD, NR) |
Reference pricing (non-RP drugs) | N/A | + | Mabasa and Ma [39] (CA, NS, CS, NR) |