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Table 12 The impact of prescription drug charges on adherence to treatment
| Variable | Compliance | Study |
|---|---|---|
| Co-payment | - | Atella et al. [76] (IT, NS, CD, R); Gibson et al. [191] (US, OS, CD, R); Poirier et al. [77] (CA, NS, TD, NR) |
| Co-payment | 0 | Poirier et al. [77] (CA, NS, TD, NR) |
| Multi-tier formulary (vs. 1- or 2-tiers) | - | Landsman et al. [65] (US, NS, TD, R); Shrank et al. [79] (US, OS, CD, R); Taira et al. [80] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Co-insurance | - | Reuveni et al. [192] (IS, OS, CD, R) |
| Mixed system | - | Ellis et al. [193] (US, OS, CD, R); Goldman et al. [194] (US, OS, CD, R); Mojtabai and Olfson [195] (US, OS, CD, R); Piette et al. [196] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Change from | ||
| co-payment to deductible and co-insurance | 0 | Pilote et al. [30] (CA, NS, CD, R) |
| Has co-insurance (vs. has co-payment) | - | Dor and Encinosa [78] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Insurance coverage | ||
| Primary (vs. none) | + | Kennedy and Erb [197] (US, OS, CD, NR); Piette et al. [196] (US, OS, CD, R); Thomas et al. [144] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Primary public (vs. private) | - | Dodrill et al. [198] (US, OS, CD, NR) |
| Supplementary (vs. none) | + | Col et al. [199] (US, OS, CD, R); Safran et al. [200] (US, OS, CD, R); Schoen et al. [74] (US, NS, CD, NR); Steinman et al. [201] (US, OS, CD, R) |
| Prescription limit | - | Cox et al. [35] (US, OS, CD, R); Schulz et al. [81] (US, NS, CD, NR) |
