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  1. Co-insurance rates in Japan decrease when patients turn 70 years of age. We aim to compare changes in medical demand for Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) at age 70 prior to 2014, when there was...

    Authors: Jörg Mahlich and Rosarin Sruamsiri

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:22

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  2. The Zambian Termination of Pregnancy Act permits abortion on socio-economic grounds, but access to safe abortion services is limited and this constitutes a considerable problem for rights to sexual and reprodu...

    Authors: Marte E. S. Haaland, Haldis Haukanes, Joseph Mumba Zulu, Karen Marie Moland, Charles Michelo, Margarate Nzala Munakampe and Astrid Blystad

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:20

    Content type: Research

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  3. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a central challenge for health policy and healthcare in all advanced countries. For the affected persons, living with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes is difficult because the disease...

    Authors: Astrid Fink, Eva-Maria Fach and Sara Lena Schröder

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:19

    Content type: Research

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  4. The government of Gujarat, India runs a large public private partnership program to widen access to emergency obstetric care (EmOC). The program include a disincentive for Cesareans section (CS) which are capp...

    Authors: Mariano Salazar, Kranti Vora, Kristi Sidney Annerstedt and Ayesha De Costa

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:17

    Content type: Research

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  5. Health insurance has been found to increase healthcare utilisation and reduce catastrophic health expenditures in a number of countries; however, coverage is often unequally distributed among populations. The ...

    Authors: Sophie H. Allcock, Elizabeth H. Young and Manjinder S. Sandhu

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:16

    Content type: Research

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  6. Low back pain is an important public health issue across the world. However, it is unclear whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with low back pain. This study determines an association between SES ...

    Authors: Takaaki Ikeda, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Jun Aida, Toru Tsuboya, Nanae Watabiki, Katsunori Kondo and Ken Osaka

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:15

    Content type: Research

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  7. Analyzing the impact of the China’s health care reform policy in 2009 on the intangible service efficiency of PHCI and exploring the way to improve the service efficiency of PHCI.

    Authors: Yao Leng, Weiwei Liu, Nanzi Xiao, Yannan Li and Jing Deng

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:14

    Content type: Research

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  8. Benefit Incidence Analysis (BIA) is used to understand the distribution of health care utilization and spending in comparison to income distribution. The results can illustrate how effectively governments allo...

    Authors: Diana Bowser, Bryan Patenaude, Manjiri Bhawalkar, Denizhan Duran and Peter Berman

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:13

    Content type: Research

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    The Correction to this article has been published in International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:45

  9. In Botswana, one fifth of the adult population is infected with HIV, with young women most at risk. Structural factors such as poverty, poor education, strong gender inequalities and gender violence render man...

    Authors: David Loutfi, Neil Andersson, Susan Law, Jon Salsberg, Jeannie Haggerty, Leagajang Kgakole and Anne Cockcroft

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:12

    Content type: Research

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  10. Treatment of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) is costly and could expose households to financial hardship and vulnerability. This paper examines the association betwe...

    Authors: Biplab Kumar Datta, Muhammad Jami Husain and Samira Asma

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:9

    Content type: Research

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  11. There are many factors across different sectors that contribute to inequities in obesity levels. This implies the need for action across different government departments and policy domains (hereafter referred ...

    Authors: Melanie Pescud, Ginny Sargent, Paul Kelly and Sharon Friel

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:8

    Content type: Research

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  12. Previous studies demonstrated a positive association between perceived discrimination and mental health problems among immigrants in countries that traditionally host immigrants. Recent trends in international...

    Authors: Chaelin Karen Ra, Jimi Huh, Brian Karl Finch and Youngtae Cho

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:7

    Content type: Research

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  13. Namibia has one of the highest levels of income inequality in the world. Increased smoking prevalence, especially among the youth, may leave the country facing the spectre of higher smoking-related disease pre...

    Authors: Zunda Chisha, Chijioke O. Nwosu and John Ele-Ojo Ataguba

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:6

    Content type: Research

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  14. Brazilian Primary Care Facilities (PCF) provide primary care and must offer dental services for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases. According to a logic of promoting equity, PCF should be better ...

    Authors: Rejane Christine de Sousa Queiroz, Ana Graziela Araújo Ribeiro, Aline Sampieri Tonello, Ana Carolina Mendes Pinheiro, José Aquino Júnior, Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha, Núbia Cristina da Silva, Elisa Miranda Costa, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Catherine Staton, Luiz Augusto Facchini and Erika Bárbara Abreu Fonseca Thomaz

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:5

    Content type: Research

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  15. Population ageing in China has brought increasing attention to the health inequalities of the elderly. The purpose of this paper is to measure income-related health inequality among the elderly in China and de...

    Authors: Hai Gu, Yun Kou, Hua You, Xinpeng Xu, Nichao Yang, Jing Liu, Xiyan Liu, Jinghong Gu and Xiaolu Li

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:4

    Content type: Research

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  16. Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a common long-term condition affecting the health and wellbeing of New Zealanders; one in every four New Zealanders is pre-diabetic. Māori, the Indigenous people of New Zealand, are at...

    Authors: Angela Beaton, Carey Manuel, Jade Tapsell, Jeff Foote, John G. Oetzel and Maui Hudson

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:3

    Content type: Research

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  17. China has an unusual pattern of suicides, with overall suicide rates in rural areas higher than urban areas. While suicide rates have decreased dramatically, older people increasingly contribute to the overall...

    Authors: Meizhi Li and Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:2

    Content type: Systematic review

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  18. In Singapore, the burden of hypertension disproportionately falls on the elderly population of low socio-economic status. Despite availability of effective treatment, studies have shown high prevalence of sub-...

    Authors: Sok Teng Tan, Rina Yu Chin Quek, Victoria Haldane, Joel Jun Kai Koh, Emeline Kai Lin Han, Suan Ee Ong, Fiona Leh Hoon Chuah and Helena Legido-Quigley

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2019 18:1

    Content type: Research

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  19. Brazil is among the 30 countries with high-burden of tuberculosis worldwide, and Manaus is the capital with the highest tuberculosis incidence. The accelerated economic and population growth in Manaus in the l...

    Authors: Daniel Barros de Castro, Elvira Maria Godinho de Seixas Maciel, Megumi Sadahiro, Rosemary Costa Pinto, Bernardino Cláudio de Albuquerque and José Ueleres Braga

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:187

    Content type: Research

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  20. Despite growing awareness of the importance of social determinants of health, research remains limited about the implementation of sociodemographic data collection in Canadian health care settings. Little is k...

    Authors: Hazel Williams-Roberts, Cory Neudorf, Sylvia Abonyi, Jennifer Cushon and Nazeem Muhajarine

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:186

    Content type: Research

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  21. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander men have the highest morbidity and mortality rates, and lowest rates of health service utilization in Australia. There is a current perception that Aboriginal and Torres S...

    Authors: Kootsy Canuto, Gary Wittert, Stephen Harfield and Alex Brown

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:185

    Content type: Research

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  22. Cervical cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, but it may be prevented by early detection. Social inequalities in the use of cytology testing have been identified in the literature. However, the degree ...

    Authors: María Merino-Ventosa and Rosa M. Urbanos-Garrido

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:184

    Content type: Research

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  23. As the proportion of elderly residents living in large-scale affordable housing communities (LAHCs) increases in China, serious problems have become apparent related to the spatial allocation of elderly health...

    Authors: Tiantian Gu, Lingzhi Li and Dezhi Li

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:183

    Content type: Research

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  24. Despite significant investments to support primary care internationally, income-based inequities in access to quality health care are present in many high-income countries. This study aims to determine whether...

    Authors: Simone Dahrouge, William Hogg, Elizabeth Muggah and Ted Schrecker

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:182

    Content type: Research

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  25. Despite various policy interventions that have targeted reductions in socio-economic inequalities in health and health care in post-Apartheid South Africa, evidence suggests that not much has really changed. I...

    Authors: Kehinde O. Omotoso and Steven F. Koch

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:181

    Content type: Research

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  26. In Europe and elsewhere there is rising concern about inequality in health and increased prevalence of mental ill-health. Structural determinants such as welfare state arrangements may impact on levels of ment...

    Authors: A. McAllister, S. Fritzell, M. Almroth, L. Harber-Aschan, S. Larsson and B. Burström

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:180

    Content type: Systematic review

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  27. Small private providers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are well positioned to fill gaps in services to low-income populations using Social Health Insurance (SHI) schemes. However, we know little a...

    Authors: Lauren Suchman

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:179

    Content type: Research

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  28. The allocation of health resources in primary health care institutions (PHCI) is crucial to health reform. China has recently implemented many reform measures emphasizing the provision of primary health care s...

    Authors: Shuping Wang, Jin Xu, Xiaofeng Jiang, Chaofan Li, Hongmin Li, Suhang Song, Erdan Huang and Qingyue Meng

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:178

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  29. People-centred health care (PCC) services are identified by the WHO as important building blocks towards universal health coverage. In 2016 the WHO formulated a comprehensive framework on integrated PCC servic...

    Authors: Christine Cécile Leyns, Jan De Maeseneer and Sara Willems

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:177

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  30. Access to primary healthcare is an important social determinant of health and having a regular general practitioner (GP) has been shown to improve access. In Canada, socio-economically disadvantaged patients a...

    Authors: Mélanie Ann Smithman, Astrid Brousselle, Nassera Touati, Antoine Boivin, Kareen Nour, Carl-Ardy Dubois, Christine Loignon, Djamal Berbiche and Mylaine Breton

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:176

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  31. India has recently renewed emphasis on non-allopathic systems of medicine as a means to address the health needs of its populace. Earlier in 2002, its national health policy had sought to ‘revitalize’ communit...

    Authors: Arima Mishra and Devaki Nambiar

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:175

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  32. The Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansion improved access to health insurance among low-income populations. We sought to examine the spillover benefits of the ACA Medicaid expansion on ability to afford rent/...

    Authors: Shiho Kino, Koryu Sato and Ichiro Kawachi

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:174

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  33. China has recently made efforts to integrate urban and rural basic medical insurance systems in order to ensure both urban and rural enrollees obtain unified benefits. However, whether the distribution of gove...

    Authors: Xue Yang, Mingsheng Chen, Jinglin Du and Zhonghua Wang

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:173

    Content type: Research

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  34. Medical termination of pregnancy (MToP) is a safe and acceptable abortion option. Depending on country context, MToP can be administered by general practitioners and mid-level healthcare providers in the first...

    Authors: Alana Hulme-Chambers, Samantha Clune and Jane Tomnay

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:172

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  35. Socio-economic inequity leads to health inequity. Inequity is closely intertwined with internal migration. This study was planned with the objective of documenting the maternal health care utilization among wo...

    Authors: Archana Siddaiah, Shashi Kant, Partha Haldar, Sanjay K. Rai and Puneet Misra

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:171

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. Rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) are highly active in many sub-Saharan African countries, serving as an important gateway for coping with financial risk. In light of the Kenya’s National Hospi...

    Authors: Tessa Oraro and Kaspar Wyss

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:170

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  37. Equity, financial sustainability, and quality in healthcare are key goals embraced by universal health systems. However, systematic performance management strategies for achieving equity are still weaker than ...

    Authors: Gianluca Cafagna, Chiara Seghieri, Milena Vainieri and Sabina Nuti

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:169

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  38. The importance of culture for food consumption is widely acknowledged, as well as the fact that culture-based resources (“cultural capital”) differ between educational groups. Since current explanations for ed...

    Authors: Carlijn B. M. Kamphuis, Joost Oude Groeniger and Frank J. van Lenthe

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:168

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  39. Demand side barriers to vaccination among rural and hard-to-reach populations in Chad are not yet well understood. Although innovative approaches such as linking human and animal vaccination increase vaccinati...

    Authors: Mahamat Fayiz Abakar, Djimet Seli, Filippo Lechthaler, Esther Schelling, Nhan Tran, Jakob Zinsstag and Daniel Cobos Muñoz

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:167

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  40. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in general population.

    Authors: Seung Hyun Kang, Yeong Jun Ju, Hyo Jung Yoon, Sang Ah Lee, Woorim Kim and Eun-Cheol Park

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:166

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. This study identifies inequities in the provincial-level geographical distribution of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) hospital beds and doctors in China from 2004 to 2014. This provides policy implications ...

    Authors: Liming Lu and Jingchun Zeng

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:165

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  43. We analyze the effects of the Mexican universal health insurance program, Seguro Popular, on key variables associated with the provision of healthcare services. Given that the program was introduced gradually ...

    Authors: Curtis Huffman and Edwin van Gameren

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:163

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. Self-rated health represents a reliable and important health measure related to general health and quality of life. This study aimed to identify the differences of health states of rural residents in a lower m...

    Authors: Lidan Wang, Weizhen Dong, Yunqing Ou, Shuting Chen, Jingjing Chen and Qicheng Jiang

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:162

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  45. Quality metrics, pay for performance (P4P), and value-based payments are prominent aspects of the current and future American healthcare system. However, linking clinic payment to clinic quality measures may f...

    Authors: Kathleen A. Culhane-Pera, Luis Martin Ortega, Mai See Thao, Shannon L. Pergament, Andrew M. Pattock, Lynne S. Ogawa, Michael Scandrett and David J. Satin

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:161

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  46. Despite the growing number of people with migrant background in Germany, a systematic review about their utilization of health care and differences to the non-migrant population is lacking. By covering various...

    Authors: Jens Klein and Olaf von dem Knesebeck

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:160

    Content type: Systematic review

    Published on:

  47. People with intellectual disabilities (ID) may not be able to access and respond to uniformly delivered health interventions. Public bodies have a legal duty to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to policies and pr...

    Authors: Liz Croot, Melanie Rimmer, Sarah Salway, Chris Hatton, Emma Dowse, Jacquie Lavin, Sarah E. Bennett, Janet Harris and Alicia O’Cathain

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:159

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. Essential medicines are those drugs that satisfy the priority health care needs of the population and help with functioning healthcare systems. Although many countries have formulated an essential medicine lis...

    Authors: Xiaodong Guan, Huajie Hu, Chunxia Man and Luwen Shi

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:158

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  49. This editorial provides an overview of the special issue “Moving towards UHC: engaging non-state providers”. It begins by describing the rationale underlying the Alliance’s choice of a research program address...

    Authors: Zubin Cyrus Shroff, Krishna Dipankar Rao, Sara Bennett, Ligia Paina, Marie-Gloriose Ingabire and Abdul Ghaffar

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:135

    Content type: Editorial

    Published on:

  50. The general practitioner contracting initiative (GPCI) is a health systems strengthening initiative piloted in the first phase of national health insurance (NHI) implementation in South Africa as it progresses...

    Authors: Linda Mureithi, James Michael Burnett, Adam Bertscher and René English

    Citation: International Journal for Equity in Health 2018 17:107

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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