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Table 2 Unadjusted comparisons of well-being outcomes by the documented status

From: Migrant well-being and undocumented status in South Korea: a cross-sectional assessment of physical, psychological, social well-being, and health behaviors

 

Overall

Documented

Undocumented

p

Self-rated health (%)

   

0.004

 Very good

159 (30.11)

101 (36.33)

58 (23.20)

 

 Fairly good

326 (61.74)

158 (56.83)

168 (67.20)

 

 Average

43 (8.14)

19 (6.83)

24 (9.60)

 

Occupational injury (%)

48 (9.09)

15 (5.40)

33 (13.20)

0.003

Cigarette smoking (%)

124 (23.48)

55 (19.78)

69 (27.60)

0.036

 Never-smoker

387 (73.30)

218 (78.42)

169 (67.60)

 

 Former smoker

17 (3.22)

5 (1.80)

12 (4.80)

 

 10 or less/day

61 (11.55)

28 (10.07)

33 (13.20)

 

 11–20/day

50 (9.47)

23 (8.27)

27 (10.80)

 

 21–30/day

13 (2.46)

4 (1.44)

9 (3.60)

 

Alcohol consumption level (%)

   

0.086

 Non-drinker

249 (47.16)

141 (50.72)

108 (43.20)

 

 Moderate

261 (49.43)

131 (47.12)

130 (52.00)

 

 Heavy

18 (3.41)

6 (2.16)

12 (4.80)

 

Meal pattern (%)

   

< 0.001

 Regular (three meals/day)

144 (27.27)

106 (38.13)

38 (15.20)

 

 Sometimes skip a meal

259 (49.05)

124 (44.60)

135 (54.00)

 

 Irregular (always skip one or more meals)

125 (23.67)

48 (17.27)

77 (30.80)

 

Happiness (mean)

5.78 (1.36)

6.14 (1.29)

5.38 (1.32)

< 0.001

GAD-2 > = 3 (%)

155 (29.36)

40 (14.39)

115 (46.00)

< 0.001

PHQ-2 > = 3 (%)

124 (23.48)

32 (11.51)

92 (36.80)

< 0.001

Having a person to talk to when lonely (%)

   

0.002

 Strongly disagree

17 (3.22)

2 (0.72)

15 (6.00)

 

 Disagree

101 (19.13)

47 (16.91)

54 (21.60)

 

 Agree

386 (73.11)

216 (77.70)

170 (68.00)

 

 Strongly agree

24 (4.55)

13 (4.68)

11 (4.40)

 

Having a person to ask for help when in trouble (%)

 Strongly disagree

18 (3.41)

3 (1.08)

15 (6.00)

0.014

 Disagree

143 (27.08)

76 (27.34)

67 (26.80)

 

 Agree

335 (63.45)

179 (64.39)

156 (62.40)

 

 Strongly agree

32 (6.06)

20 (7.19)

12 (4.80)

 

Ethnic community participation (%)

 Never

206 (39.02)

94 (33.81)

112 (44.80)

0.120

 Formerly

150 (28.41)

83 (29.86)

67 (26.80)

 

 Sometimes

125 (23.67)

72 (25.90)

53 (21.20)

 

 Actively

44 (8.33)

27 (9.71)

17 (6.80)

 

Recreational community participation (%)

   

< 0.001

 Never

447 (84.66)

215 (77.34)

232 (92.80)

 

 Formerly

57 (10.80)

45 (16.19)

12 (4.80)

 

 Sometimes

20 (3.79)

16 (5.76)

4 (1.60)

 

 Actively

4 (0.76)

2 (0.72)

2 (0.80)

 

Religious community participation (%)

 Never

319 (60.42)

165 (59.35)

154 (61.60)

0.306

 Formerly

86 (16.29)

52 (18.71)

34 (13.60)

 

 Sometimes

79 (14.96)

36 (12.95)

43 (17.20)

 

 Actively

41 (7.77)

24 (8.63)

17 (6.80)

 

 Very actively

3 (0.57)

1 (0.36)

2 (0.80)

 
  1. Continuous variables were presented as mean (standard deviation), except nonnormal variables (months in Korea, number of cohabitants), which were presented as median (interquartile range). Categorical variables were presented as count (percentage)
  2. GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire