Table 1 Compositional difference of background characteristics between rural and urban households with members seeking care for any disease (%)

Consumption expenditure quintile

 Lowest

18.2

(0.8)

6.8

(0.6)

11.4**

19.9

(0.9)

8.3

(0.8)

11.6**

19.6

(0.6)

7.6

(0.7)

12.0**

 2nd

21.4

(0.8)

11.5

(0.9)

10.0**

21.7

(0.7)

13.4

(1.0)

8.3**

21.7

(0.5)

13.7

(1.1)

8.0**

 3rd

21.7

(0.8)

15.8

(1.2)

5.9**

20.9

(0.6)

16.7

(1.2)

4.2**

21.1

(0.5)

18.4

(1.3)

2.7

 4th

20.7

(0.8)

27.1

(1.6)

-6.4**

20.8

(0.7)

24.3

(1.6)

-3.6*

19.8

(0.6)

25.0

(1.4)

-5.2**

 Highest

18.0

(0.8)

38.9

(1.7)

-20.9**

16.7

(0.8)

37.2

(2.3)

-20.5**

17.8

(0.6)

35.3

(1.8)

-17.5**

 Female household head

10.2

(0.6)

8.3

(1.0)

1.9

13.0

(0.6)

10.7

(0.9)

2.3*

12.2

(0.4)

11.1

(0.7)

1.1

Education of household head

 No education

61.4

(1.0)

34.1

(1.6)

27.3**

58.0

(1.0)

35.3

(1.8)

22.7**

43.7

(0.8)

31.8

(1.2)

12.0**

 Below secondary

28.7

(0.9)

34.5

(1.7)

-5.8**

31.0

(0.9)

37.2

(1.8)

-6.2**

46.6

(0.7)

43.2

(1.2)

3.4*

 Secondary or above

9.8

(0.6)

31.4

(1.7)

-21.6**

11.0

(0.6)

27.5

(2.1)

-16.5**

9.6

(0.4)

25.0

(1.5)

-15.4**

Household size

 1–2 members

6.2

(0.5)

4.2

(0.7)

1.9*

8.3

(0.5)

7.9

(0.9)

0.4

10.7

(0.3)

10.6

(0.8)

0.1

 3–4 members

35.2

(1.0)

43.0

(1.8)

-7.7**

40.5

(0.9)

47.3

(1.7)

-6.8**

49.4

(0.5)

54.1

(0.9)

-4.7**

 5 or more members

58.6

(1.0)

52.8

(1.8)

5.8**

51.2

(0.9)

44.8

(1.9)

6.3**

39.9

(0.7)

35.4

(1.0)

4.5**

 Earners^a

1.4

(0.0)

1.5

(0.0)

-0.1**

1.3

(0.0)

1.4

(0.0)

-0.1**

1.2

(0.0)

1.3

(0.0)

-0.1**

 Presence of elderly household member(s)

30.4

(0.9)

23.6

(1.4)

6.8**

30.8

(0.8)

24.5

(1.6)

6.4**

29.1

(0.5)

22.6

(1.2)

6.5**

 Presence of children under five years

51.3

(1.0)

46.5

(1.8)

4.8*

43.5

(0.8)

40.8

(1.7)

2.7

40.8

(0.7)

42.2

(1.4)

-1.4

 Presence of household member(s) with chronic illness

51.5

(1.0)

50.4

(1.8)

1.2

53.9

(1.1)

52.6

(2.2)

1.4

58.5

(0.8)

49.5

(1.8)

9.0**

Source of healthcare

 Public only

6.8

(0.5)

9.9

(1.0)

-3.1**

9.6

(0.6)

12.7

(1.6)

-3.1*

10.8

(0.5)

11.6

(0.7)

-0.9

 Private only

32.7

(0.9)

42.7

(1.7)

-10.0**

34.9

(1.5)

40.1

(1.8)

-5.1*

19.9

(0.6)

28.8

(1.5)

-8.9**

 Informal ^b only

48.9

(1.0)

34.7

(1.6)

14.2**

44.6

(1.6)

36.6

(1.9)

8.1**

54.0

(0.8)

45.2

(1.6)

8.8**

 Public & private

0.8

(0.2)

2.1

(0.5)

-1.3**

2.4

(0.3)

2.8

(0.4)

-0.4

2.2

(0.2)

3.3

(0.5)

-1.1*

 Public & informal

2.3

(0.3)

1.4

(0.3)

0.9*

2.1

(0.2)

1.8

(0.4)

0.3

5.4

(0.4)

4.0

(0.4)

1.4*

 Private & informal

8.2

(0.6)

8.6

(1.0)

-0.4

6.1

(0.5)

5.8

(0.7)

0.2

6.9

(0.3)

6.4

(0.7)

0.5

 Public, private & informal

0.3

(0.1)

0.5

(0.3)

-0.2

0.3

(0.1)

0.3

(0.1)

0.0

0.9

(0.1)

0.7

(0.1)

0.2

 Hospitalization of household members

3.4

(0.4)

5.1

(0.8)

-1.7*

4.4

(0.4)

4.7

(0.6)

-0.3

10.8

(0.5)

12.3

(0.7)

-1.6