Table 1 The percentage point difference between the best and worst performing group in each determinant category (economic status, education, place of residence) for each inequality indicator for the use of reproductive, maternal, and newborn care in Somalia in 2006 and 2018–19

Contraception use (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

6.9

8.7

1.8

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

1.6

22.75

21.15

Increase

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

8.4

17.1

8.7

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

1.6

9.5

7.9

Increase

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

3.5

3.8

0.3

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

1.3

2.58

1.28

Increase

Modern contraception use (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

6.4

5.8

-0.6

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

1.5

30

28.5

Increase

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

8.4

10.3

1.9

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

1.6

10.36

8.76

Increase

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

3.4

3.6

0.2

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

1.3

4.27

2.97

Increase

Adolescent fertility rate (per 1000 women ages 15–19)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

32.9

9.3

-23.6

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

1.4

2.26

0.86

Increase

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

122.7

9.4

-113.3

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

6.7

2.49

-4.21

Decrease

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

34.4

2.4

-32

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

1.3

1.27

-0.03

Decrease

Antenatal care (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

4.9

44.1

39.2

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

16.2

4.64

-11.56

Decrease

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

5.6

50.9

45.3

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

5

2.97

-2.03

Decrease

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

3.8

14.2

10.4

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

8.5

1.41

-7.09

Decrease

Births delivered by a health professional (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

66.2

54.4

-11.8

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

7.2

6.61

-0.59

Decrease

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

45.5

56.6

11.1

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

2.7

2.14

-0.56

Decrease

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

50.5

14.1

-36.4

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

4.5

1.38

-3.12

Decrease

Deliveries in a health facility (%)

Wealth quintile

Difference (percentage points)

30.7

42.7

12

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

22.9

9.5

-13.4

Decrease

Place of residence

Difference (percentage points)

17.4

7.7

-9.7

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

Decrease

Difference (percentage points)

6.8

1.4

-5.4

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

Decrease

Under-fives with diarrhoea taken to a healthcare facility (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

8

39.1

31.1

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

5

3

-2

Decrease

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

9.9

Ratio (percentage points)

3.5

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

6.2

7.7

1.5

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

3.2

1.1

-2.1

Decrease

Early initiation to breastfeeding

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

6.2

6.8

0.6

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

1.3

1.12

-0.18

Decrease

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

5.5

6

0.5

Increase

Ratio (percentage points)

1.2

1.1

-0.1

Decrease

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

0.5

0.3

-0.2

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

1

1

0

No change

Stunting prevalence in children aged < 5 years (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

26.1

5.6

-20.5

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

2

1.69

-0.31

Decrease

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

19.3

Ratio (percentage points)

1.7

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

15.4

1

-14.4

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

1.5

1.11

-0.39

Decrease

Wasting prevalence in children aged < 5 years (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

9.9

0.9

-9

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

2.5

1.17

-1.33

Decrease

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

3.4

Ratio (percentage points)

1.3

Place of residence (urban or rural)

Difference (percentage points)

7.6

3.2

-4.4

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

1.9

1.42

-0.48

Decrease

Severe wasting prevalence in children aged < 5 years (%)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

4

3.2

-0.8

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

4.4

2.68

-1.72

Decrease

Education (no studies, primary, secondary)

Difference (percentage points)

2.2

Ratio (percentage points)

2

Place of residence (urban or rural)

3.3

0.8

-2.5

Decrease

2.5

1.4

-1.1

Decrease

Under-five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

Economic status (wealth quintiles)

Difference (percentage points)

60.86

51.44

-9.42

Decrease

Ratio (percentage points)

1.49

1.61

0.12

Increase