| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Any Form of Spousal Violence | cOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] |
Intergenerational Transfer of Spousal Violence (Mother also experienced spousal violence) | |||
No [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 2.66 *** [2.59–2.74] | 2.56 *** [2.48–2.63] | 2.06 *** [1.82–2.33] |
Age | Â | Â | Â |
15–24 [ref] |  |  |  |
25–34 |  | 1.24 *** [1.20–1.29] | 1.26 *** [1.21–1.30] |
35+ |  | 1.18 *** [ 1.13–1.22] | 1.19 *** [ 1.14–1.23] |
Highest Level of Education | Â | Â | Â |
No Education [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Primary |  | 1.10 *** [1.06–1.14] | 1.11 *** [1.06–1.15] |
Secondary |  | 1.09 *** [1.04–1.14] | 1.05 *** [1.01–1.11] |
Higher |  | 0.78 *** [0.71–0.86] | 0.77 *** [[0.69–0.84] |
Partner’s Highest Level of Education |  |  |  |
No Education [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Primary |  | 1.21 *** [1.16–1.26] | 1.17 *** [1.12–1.22] |
Secondary |  | 1.19 *** [1.14–1.25] | 1.08 *** [1.03–1.13] |
Higher |  | 0.95 [0.88–1.02] | 0.85 *** [0.79–0.92] |
Age at first marriage | Â | Â | Â |
< 18 [ref.] |  |  |  |
18+ |  | 0.86 *** [0.84–0.89] | 0.86 *** [0.83–0.88] |
Household Wealth Index | Â | Â | Â |
Poorest [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Poorer |  | 0.94 ** [0.90–0.98] | 0.95 *** [0.92–0.99] |
Middle |  | 0.87 *** [0.84–0.91] | 0.90 *** [0.86–0.94] |
Richer |  | 0.79 *** [0.76–0.83] | 0.83 *** [0.79–0.87] |
Richest |  | 0.67 *** [0.63–0.71] | 0.72 *** [0.67–0.76] |
Type of Place of Residence | Â | Â | Â |
Urban [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Rural |  | 0.87 *** [0.84–0.90] | 0.88 *** [0.85–0.91] |
Type of Marriage | Â | Â | Â |
Monogamy [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Polygamy |  | 1.36 *** [1.31–1.41] | 1.31 *** [1.26–1.36] |
Work Status | Â | Â | Â |
Not Working [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Working |  | 1.51 *** [1.47–1.56] | 1.35 *** [1.31–1.40] |
Level of Mass Media Exposure | Â | Â | Â |
No Exposure [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Low Exposure |  | 1.15 *** [1.12–1.19] | 1.18 *** [1.14–1.22] |
High Exposure |  | 1.08 *** [1.03–1.13] | 1.16 *** [1.11–1.22] |
Sex of Household Head | Â | Â | Â |
Male [ref.] | Â | Â | Â |
Female |  | 0.88 *** [0.84–0.91] | 0.91 *** [0.88–0.95] |
Mother experienced IPV & Country | Â | Â | Â |
Yes*Benin |  |  | 1.32 *** [1.03–1.70] |
Yes*Burundi |  |  | 0.94 [0.80–1.11] |
Yes*Congo DR |  |  | 1.04 [0.87–1.23] |
Yes*Cameroon |  |  | 1.42 *** [1.16–1.73] |
Yes*Ethiopia |  |  | 1.32*** [1.09–1.61] |
Yes*Gabon |  |  | 1.15 [0.94–1.41] |
Yes*Gambia |  |  | 1.46 *** [1.06–2.00] |
Yes*Kenya |  |  | 1.04 [0.87–1.25] |
Yes*Comoros |  |  | 0.97 [0.53–1.75] |
Yes*Liberia |  |  | 0.93 [0.72–1.19] |
Yes*Madagascar |  |  | 1.56 *** [1.25–1.93] |
Yes*Mali |  |  | 1.66 *** [1.23–2.24] |
Yes*Mauritania |  |  | 2.29 *** [1.30–4.03] |
Yes*Malawi |  |  | 0.88 [0.73–1.06] |
Yes*Mozambique |  |  | 1.22 *** [1.01–1.48] |
Yes*Nigeria |  |  | 1.83 *** [1.49–2.24] |
Yes*Namibia |  |  | 1.15 [0.84–1.59] |
Yes*Rwanda |  |  | 0.97 [0.76–1.24] |
Yes*Sierra Leone |  |  | 1.23 [0.99–1.51] |
Yes*Senegal |  |  | 1.99 *** [1.01–3.91] |
Yes*Chad |  |  | 2.46 *** [1.93–3.15] |
Yes*Togo |  |  | 1.24 ***[1.02–1.51] |
Yes*Tanzania |  |  | 1.44*** [1.22–1.70] |
Yes*Uganda |  |  | 1.06 [0.90–1.25] |
Yes*Zambia |  |  | 1.12 [0.94–1.32] |
Yes*Zimbabwe |  |  | 0.97 [0.81–1.16] |