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Table 4 Predicted probability of outcomes for each variable. Final models for each primary outcome for Māori enrolled in 924 practices

From: Hauora Māori – Māori health: a right to equal outcomes in primary care

 

Polypharmacy in people age ≥ 55 R2 = 0.4466 N = 56,280

HbA1c in people with diabetes R2 = 0.1755 N = 21,586

Immunisations at age 6 months R2 = 0.0811 N = 4,775

Child ASH per 1000 children R2 not applicable N = 118,889

Adult ASH per 1000 enrolled adults R2 not applicable N = 73,950

ED attendances per 1000 enrolled patients R2 not applicable N = 366,486

Overall mean

33.4%

80.9%

63.6%

44

77

365

Variable (Comparator, blank if continuous variable)

      

Practice models

      

Corporate (Traditional)

26.3% (29.7%) **

81.8% (83.8%)

61.8% (64.9%)

-9.4%

21.2% *

-2.1%

PHO/DHB (Traditional)

26.3% (29.2%)

80.2% (83.6%)

57.0% (64.6%)

-2.7%

51.0 **

16.2% *

Trust/NGO (Traditional)

29.3% (29.0%)

84.5% (83.1%)

68.2% (63.6%)

41.1% *

37.2% **

26.0% ***

HCH Practice (All others)

27.8% (29.4%) *

83.4% (83.5%)

69.2% (63.0%) **

5.5%

-4.9%

-6.3% *

Māori Practice (All others)

26.2% (29.8%) *

80.8% (84.3%)

53.0% (66.4%) **

-10.1%

-12.9%

-4.8%

Pacific Practice (All others)

25.3% (29.1%)

84.5% (83.5%)

35.5% (64.5%) **

-33.6%

-52.9% **

-22.4% *

Patient characteristics

      

Male (Female)

 

83.5% (83.4%)

  

15.1% ***

 

Quintile 5 (Not Q5)

 

83.0% (83.9%)

    

IMD Score

(25th, 50th, 75th centiles)

27.6% ***

28.5%

29.4%

 

66.4% ***

63.2%

61.2%

-6.6% ***

2.8%

8.8%

-7.5% ***

4.2%

11.9%

-5.0% ***

2.2%

6.8%

Diabetes (No diabetes)

58.6% (21.9%) ***

   

12.6% **

 

Gout (No gout)

54.5% (25.2%) ***

86.3% (82.6%) ***

  

9.4%

 

HbA1c (No HbA1c)

32.3% (24.7%) ***

     

SSRI (No SSRI)

52.5% (27.7%) ***

    

29.8% ***

Antibiotic (No antibiotic)

32.4% (26.3%) ***

85.2% (81.2%) ***

 

129.1% ***

163.9% ***

144.1% ***

Tramadol (No tramadol)

    

58.3% ***

85.3% ***

M3

(25th, 50th, 75th centiles)

(ASH&ED ref: M3 = 0)

25.5% ***

28.3%

34.0%

85.4% ***

84.2%

83.0%

 

49.7% ***

188.7%

421.9%

22.1% ***

69.0%

126.6%

15.6% ***

46.4%

81.1%

Continuity of practice (No continuity)

   

-13.4%***

-23.5% ***

-26.3% ***

Distance to Nearest ED

(Immunisation rate at 1, 20, 100 km; ASH&ED ref: average distance)

  

64.9%

64.5%

60.9%

 

4.2% *

-1.2%

-21.3%

8.3% ***

-2.9%

-38.7%

First Specialist Assessment

(1, 2, 3)

30.3% ***

31.9%

33.6%

84.0%

84.8%

85.6%

 

42.5% ***

102.9%

189.0%

32.2% ***

74.7%

130.8%

34.4% ***

80.6%

142.8%

First Specialist Assessment –

Did Not Attend

(1, 2, 3)

  

60.2%

55.8%

51.3%

9.7%

20.4%

32.0%

66.1% ***

176.0%

358.4%

44.7% ***

109.4%

203.1%

Practice characteristics

      

VLCA (not VLCA)

 

83.0% (84.3%)

62.6% (66.0%)

   

Urban Practice (rural)

29.2% (28.9%)

83.29% (84.0%)

64.6% (63.1%)

-4.5%

-7.3%

 

Continuity of GP

(25th, 50th, 75th centiles)

   

-5.7%

-7.6%

-11.2%

  

Clinician input

      

Total Consultations

(1, 2, 4)

19.3% ***

21.9%

27.7%

77.1% ***

78.7%

81.6%

62.3%

62.8%

63.9%

7.4% ***

15.4%

33.2%

5.3% ***

10.8%

22.8%

7.1% ***

14.6%

31.3%

Nurse FTE

(25th, 50th, 75th centiles)

 

82.5% ***

82.7%

83.2%

62.5% **

62.8%

63.9%

   

GP FTE

(25th, 50th, 75th centiles)

  

63.7%

64.1%

64.2%

-1.82%

-0.36%

-0.09%

  

Interactions

      

Total Consults X Corporate

1 more consult (Traditional)

4.6% (3.3%) ***

1.3% (1.3%)

-0.33% (0.51%)

10.5% (7.4%) *

4.4% (5.3%)

8.0% (7.1%) **

Total Consults X PHO/DHB

1 more consult (Traditional)

4.9% (3.3%) *

1.6% (1.3%)

0.97% (0.51%)

9.1% (7.4%)

7.3% (5.3%)

8.8% (7.15%) *

Total Consults X Trust/NGO 

1 more consult (Traditional)

4.1% (3.3%) *

1.2% (1.3%)

-0.01% (0.51%)

9.5% (7.4%)

5.1% (5.3%)

7.2% (7.1%)

Nurse FTE X Corporate

1 more hour (Traditional)

 

0.4% (1.34%)

-1.10% (2.7%)

   

Nurse FTE X PHO/DHB

1 more hour (Traditional)

 

1.4% (1.3%)

2.6% (2.7%)

   

Nurse FTE X Trust/NGOn

1 more hour (Traditional)

 

0.7% (1.3%) *

-2.9% (2.8%)

   

GP FTE X Corporate

1 more hour (Traditional)

  

1.6% (0.7%)

-8.% (2.7%) **

  

GP FTE X PHO/DHB

1 more hour (Traditional)

  

-0.05% (0.74%)

-0.29% (2.72%)

  

GP FTE X Trust/NGO

1 more hour (Traditional)

  

-0.76% (0.74%)

-6.1% (2.7%) *

  

Continuity of GP X Corporate

   

-1.6% (-1.2%)

  

Continuity of GP X PHO/DHB

   

-0.2% (-1.2%)

  

Continuity of GP X Trust/NGO

   

-2.4% (-1.2%)

  
  1. Description of final regression models
  2. • The polypharmacy regression used a logistic regression model. The dependent variable was polypharmacy, which took value 1 if a person was taking five or more drugs and 0 otherwise. We allowed for random intercepts and random slopes on M3 and Total Contacts
  3. • The HbA1c test regression used a logistic regression model. The dependent variable was HbA1c test, which took value 1 if a person had an HbA1c test within a year and 0 otherwise. We allowed for random intercepts and random slopes on M3, Total Contacts, and Nurse FTE
  4. • The 6 month immunisations regression used a logistic regression model. The dependent variable was 6 month immunisations, which took value 1 if a child had all their required immunisations (according to the vaccine schedule) by six months of age and 0 otherwise. We allowed for random intercepts and random slopes on Total Contacts, GP FTE, and Nurse FTE
  5. • The child ASH admissions regression used a negative binomial regression model. The dependent variable was a patient’s number of ASH admissions over the period of analysis. We allowed for random intercepts and random slopes on Total Contacts, GP FTE, and Percent Main Provider
  6. • The adult ASH admissions regression used a negative binomial regression model. The dependent variable was a patient’s number of adult ASH admissions over the period of analysis. We allowed for random intercepts and random slopes on Total Contacts and M3
  7. • The ED attendances regression used a negative binomial regression model. The dependent variable was a patient’s number of ED attendances over the period of analysis. We allowed for random intercepts and random slopes for Total Contacts and M3
  8. Blank cells indicate variables not retained in final models
  9. * p < 0.05
  10. ** p < 0.01
  11. *** p < 0.001, 0
  12. *** p < 1e−16
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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