Table 3 Bivariate analyses of inpatient mortality with patient-, inpatient care unit-, and municipality-level variables
Variable | N | % | Dead | Alive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | |||
Inpatient care unit category | ||||||
Public SUS | 632,024 | 39.1 | 236,743 | 37.5 | 395,281 | 62,5 |
Public non-SUS | 13,599 | 0.8 | 4,379 | 32.2 | 9,220 | 67,8 |
Private SUS | 70,175 | 4.3 | 22,431 | 32.0 | 47,744 | 68,0 |
Private non-SUS | 346,035 | 21.4 | 85,092 | 24.6 | 260,943 | 75,4 |
Philanthropic SUS | 475,456 | 29.4 | 152,856 | 32.1 | 322,600 | 67,9 |
Philanthropic non-SUS | 78,139 | 4.8 | 16,679 | 21.3 | 61,460 | 78,7 |
Age (years) | ||||||
18-39 | 236,245 | 14.6 | 29,899 | 12.7 | 206,346 | 87,3 |
40-49 | 252,554 | 15.6 | 46,308 | 18.3 | 206,246 | 81,7 |
50-59 | 318,693 | 19.7 | 82,185 | 25.8 | 236,508 | 74,2 |
60-69 | 319,674 | 19.8 | 118,350 | 37.0 | 201,324 | 63,0 |
70-79 | 267,762 | 16.6 | 122,926 | 45.9 | 144,836 | 54,1 |
≥ 80 | 220,500 | 13.6 | 118,512 | 53.7 | 101,988 | 46,3 |
Sex | ||||||
Female | 719,502 | 44.5 | 227,286 | 31.6 | 492,216 | 68,4 |
Male | 895,789 | 55.5 | 290,842 | 32.5 | 604,947 | 67,5 |
Unknown | 137 | 0.0 | 52 | 38.0 | 85 | 62,0 |
Race/color | ||||||
White | 713,807 | 44.2 | 230,070 | 32.2 | 483,737 | 67,8 |
Black | 64,697 | 4.0 | 24,495 | 37.9 | 40,202 | 62,1 |
Asian | 15,367 | 1.0 | 4,850 | 31.6 | 10,517 | 68,4 |
Mixed race | 518,786 | 32.1 | 176,611 | 34.0 | 342,175 | 66,0 |
Indigenous | 2,528 | 0.2 | 878 | 34.7 | 1,650 | 65,3 |
Unknown | 300,243 | 18.6 | 81,276 | 27.1 | 218,967 | 72,9 |
Education | ||||||
No schooling | 34,439 | 2.1 | 17,405 | 50.5 | 17,034 | 49,5 |
Primary | 153,134 | 9.5 | 66,065 | 43.1 | 87,069 | 56,9 |
Lower secondary | 109,540 | 6.8 | 40,228 | 36.7 | 69,312 | 63,3 |
Upper secondary | 190,215 | 11.8 | 53,020 | 27.9 | 137,195 | 72,1 |
Tertiary | 92,573 | 5.7 | 22,318 | 24.1 | 70,255 | 75,9 |
Unknown | 1,035,527 | 64.1 | 319,144 | 30.8 | 716,383 | 69,2 |
COVID-19 symptoms | ||||||
< 5 | 917,282 | 56.8 | 295,066 | 32.2 | 622,216 | 67,8 |
≥ 5 | 698,146 | 43.2 | 223,114 | 32.0 | 475,032 | 68,0 |
Comorbidity – obesity | ||||||
Yes | 135,333 | 8.4 | 51,105 | 37.8 | 84,228 | 62,2 |
No | 1,480,095 | 91.6 | 467,075 | 31.6 | 1,013,020 | 68,4 |
Comorbidity – cardiopathy | ||||||
Yes | 530,766 | 32.9 | 216,064 | 40.7 | 314,702 | 59,3 |
No | 1,084,662 | 67.1 | 302,116 | 27.9 | 782,546 | 72,1 |
Comorbidity – diabetes | ||||||
Yes | 372,910 | 23.1 | 154,371 | 41.4 | 218,539 | 58,6 |
No | 1,242,518 | 76.9 | 363,809 | 29.3 | 878,709 | 70,7 |
Comorbidity – hematologic disease | ||||||
Yes | 10,842 | 0.7 | 4,817 | 44.4 | 6,025 | 55,6 |
No | 1,604,586 | 99.3 | 513,363 | 32.0 | 1,091,223 | 68,0 |
Comorbidity – Down syndrome | ||||||
Yes | 3,928 | 0.2 | 1,613 | 41.1 | 2,315 | 58,9 |
No | 1,611,500 | 99.8 | 516,567 | 32.1 | 1,094,933 | 67,9 |
Comorbidity – hepatic disease | ||||||
Yes | 13,017 | 0.8 | 6,639 | 51.0 | 6,378 | 49,0 |
No | 1,602,411 | 99.2 | 511,541 | 31.9 | 1,090,870 | 68,1 |
Comorbidity - asthma | ||||||
Yes | 38,953 | 2.4 | 11,092 | 28.5 | 27,861 | 71,5 |
No | 1,576,475 | 97.6 | 507,088 | 32.2 | 1,069,387 | 67,8 |
Comorbidity – pneumopathy | ||||||
Yes | 54,712 | 3.4 | 27,368 | 50.0 | 27,344 | 50,0 |
No | 1,560,716 | 96.6 | 490,812 | 31.4 | 1,069,904 | 68,6 |
Comorbidity – neurologic disease | ||||||
Yes | 58,806 | 3.6 | 30,108 | 51.2 | 28,698 | 48,8 |
No | 1,556,622 | 96.4 | 488,072 | 31.4 | 1,068,550 | 68,6 |
Comorbidity – kidney disease | ||||||
Yes | 59,105 | 3.7 | 31,718 | 53.7 | 27,387 | 46,3 |
No | 1,556,323 | 96.3 | 486,462 | 31.3 | 1,069,861 | 68,7 |
Comorbidity – immunodepression | ||||||
Yes | 39,630 | 2.5 | 18,366 | 46.3 | 21,264 | 53,7 |
No | 1,575,798 | 97.5 | 499,814 | 31.7 | 1,075,984 | 68,3 |
Comorbidity – other disease | ||||||
Yes | 452,071 | 28.0 | 180,210 | 39.9 | 271,861 | 60,1 |
No | 1,163,357 | 72.0 | 337,970 | 29.1 | 825,387 | 70,9 |
Number of comorbidities | ||||||
0 | 602,521 | 37.3 | 130,978 | 21.7 | 471,543 | 78,3 |
1 | 487,026 | 30.1 | 157,975 | 32.4 | 329,051 | 67,6 |
2 | 347,052 | 21.5 | 140,916 | 40.6 | 206,136 | 59,4 |
3 | 137,124 | 8.5 | 65,462 | 47.7 | 71,662 | 52,3 |
≥ 4 | 41,705 | 2.6 | 22,849 | 54.8 | 18,856 | 45,2 |
ICU use | ||||||
Yes | 580,789 | 36.0 | 323,627 | 55.7 | 257,162 | 44,3 |
No | 1,034,639 | 64.0 | 194,553 | 18.8 | 840,086 | 81,2 |
Ventilatory support use | ||||||
Yes, invasive | 304,150 | 18.8 | 232,945 | 76.6 | 71,205 | 23,4 |
Yes, non-invasive | 832,351 | 51.5 | 190,548 | 22.9 | 641,803 | 77,1 |
No | 288,385 | 17.9 | 33,824 | 11.7 | 254,561 | 88,3 |
Unknown | 190,542 | 11.8 | 60,863 | 31.9 | 129,679 | 68,1 |
Length of stay (days) | ||||||
0 | 32,688 | 2.0 | 19,847 | 60.7 | 12,841 | 39,3 |
≥1 | 1,519,154 | 94.0 | 489,477 | 32.2 | 1,029,677 | 67.8 |
Unknown | 63,586 | 3.9 | 8,856 | 13.9 | 54,730 | 86,1 |
Patient residence city’s HDI | ||||||
Very low (<0.500) | 1,232 | 0.1 | 327 | 26.5 | 905 | 73,5 |
Low (0.500-0.599) | 54,924 | 3.4 | 20,938 | 38.1 | 33,986 | 61,9 |
Medium (0.600-0.699) | 196,998 | 12.2 | 71,437 | 36.3 | 125,561 | 63,7 |
High (0.700-0.799) | 969,716 | 60.0 | 317,107 | 32.7 | 652,609 | 67,3 |
Very high (≥0.800) | 392,558 | 24.3 | 108,371 | 27.6 | 284,187 | 72,4 |
Inpatient care unit’s COVID-19 hospitalizations 2020-2022 | ||||||
100-299 | 159,081 | 9.8 | 57,993 | 36.5 | 101,088 | 63,5 |
300-599 | 237,066 | 14.7 | 81,593 | 34.4 | 155,473 | 65,6 |
600-999 | 287,125 | 17.8 | 93,523 | 32.6 | 193,602 | 67,4 |
1000-3999 | 762,847 | 47.2 | 230,365 | 30.2 | 532,482 | 69,8 |
≥ 4000 | 169,309 | 10.5 | 54,706 | 32.3 | 114,603 | 67,7 |
Hospital beds | ||||||
< 30 | 68,187 | 4.2 | 18,704 | 27.4 | 49,483 | 72,6 |
30-49 | 107,077 | 6.6 | 29,718 | 27.8 | 77,359 | 72,2 |
50-99 | 290,920 | 18.0 | 84,583 | 29.1 | 206,337 | 70,9 |
100-199 | 535,855 | 33.2 | 172,358 | 32.2 | 363,497 | 67,8 |
200-399 | 389,708 | 24.1 | 132,935 | 34.1 | 256,773 | 65,9 |
≥ 400 | 210,175 | 13.0 | 74,642 | 35.5 | 135,533 | 64,5 |
Unknown | 13,506 | 0.8 | 5,240 | 38.8 | 8,266 | 61,2 |
Healthcare unit type | ||||||
General hospital | 1,521,877 | 94.2 | 484,267 | 31.8 | 1,037,610 | 68,2 |
Specialized hospital | 49,615 | 3.1 | 17,772 | 35.8 | 31,843 | 64,2 |
Mixed unit | 9,880 | 0.6 | 2,810 | 28.4 | 7,070 | 71,6 |
General emergency center | 25,775 | 1.6 | 10,258 | 39.8 | 15,517 | 60,2 |
Specialized emergency center | 8,281 | 0.5 | 3,073 | 37.1 | 5,208 | 62,9 |
Country macro-region | ||||||
North | 99,365 | 6.2 | 35,872 | 36.1 | 63,493 | 63,9 |
Northeast | 247,242 | 15.3 | 90,521 | 36.6 | 156,721 | 63,4 |
Southeast | 803,598 | 49.7 | 253,971 | 31.6 | 549,627 | 68,4 |
South | 301,996 | 18.7 | 90,536 | 30.0 | 211,460 | 70,0 |
Midwest | 163,227 | 10.1 | 47,280 | 29.0 | 115,947 | 71,0 |
Inpatient care’s city | ||||||
Same of patient’s residence | 1,146,988 | 71.0 | 355,753 | 31.0 | 791,235 | 69,0 |
In patients’ residence Health Region | 250,997 | 15.5 | 87,259 | 34.8 | 163,738 | 65,2 |
Another Health Region | 217,443 | 13.5 | 75,168 | 34.6 | 142,275 | 65,4 |
Inpatient care unit’s city size | ||||||
<20000 inhabitants | 32,636 | 2.0 | 6,601 | 20.2 | 26,035 | 79,8 |
20000-49999 inhabitants | 122,254 | 7.6 | 34,725 | 28.4 | 87,529 | 71,6 |
50000-99999 inhabitants | 166,215 | 10.3 | 53,954 | 32.5 | 112,261 | 67,5 |
100000-999999 inhabitants | 696,049 | 43.1 | 232,920 | 33.5 | 463,129 | 66,5 |
≥ 1000000 inhabitants | 598,274 | 37.0 | 189,980 | 31.8 | 408,294 | 68,2 |
Pandemic period | ||||||
Feb 2020 – Mai 2020 (wave 1.1) | 121,022 | 7.5 | 44,440 | 36.7 | 76,582 | 63.3 |
Jun 2020 – Ago 2020 (wave 1.2 - expansion) | 196,019 | 12.1 | 63,447 | 32.4 | 132572 | 67.6 |
Sep 2020 – Nov 2020 | 136,103 | 8.4 | 396,24 | 29.1 | 96,479 | 70,9 |
Dec 2020 – Fev 2021 (wave 2.1) | 273,395 | 16.9 | 912,73 | 33.4 | 182,122 | 66,6 |
Mar 2021 – Apr 2021 (wave 2.2) | 329,850 | 20.4 | 119,572 | 36.3 | 210,278 | 63,7 |
May 2021 – Jun 2021 (wave 2.3) | 254,463 | 15.8 | 70,480 | 27.7 | 183,983 | 72,3 |
Jul 2021 – Dec 2021 | 151,421 | 9.4 | 44,646 | 29.5 | 106,775 | 70,5 |
Jan 2022 – Feb 2022 (wave 3) | 81,595 | 5.1 | 26,706 | 32.7 | 54,889 | 67,3 |
Mar 2022 – Dec 2022 | 71,560 | 4.4 | 17,992 | 25.1 | 53,568 | 74,9 |