Table 1 Socio-demographic, clinical, admission and hospital-related characteristics according to private health insurance status before and after propensity score matching (New South Wales, 2017–2020)

Total number of patients (N)

5486

12,751

5315

5315

Sex:

0.008

0.856

 Male

4171 (76.0)

9455 (74.2)

4034 (75.9)

4025 (75.7)

 Female

1315 (24.0)

3296 (25.8)

1281 (24.1)

1290 (24.3)

Mean age (SD)

68.0 (12.3)

64.3 (13.0)

 < 0.001

67.8 (12.3)

67.8 (12.3)

0.739

Age group:

 < 0.001

0.869

 18–40 years

59 (1.08)

331 (2.60)

59 (1.1)

61 (1.2)

 41–50 years

367 (6.69)

1480 (11.6)

367 (6.9)

360 (6.8)

 51–60 years

1019 (18.6)

3160 (24.8)

1009 (19.0)

1034 (19.5)

 61–70 years

1571 (28.6)

3375 (26.5)

1532 (28.8)

1499 (28.2)

 71–80 years

1458 (26.6)

2685 (21.1)

1397 (26.3)

1370 (25.8)

 81 + years

1012 (18.4)

1720 (13.5)

951 (17.9)

991 (18.6)

Type of AMI:

 < 0.001

0.925

 NSTEMI

3075 (56.1)

6691 (52.5)

2953 (55.6)

2968 (55.8)

 STEMI

2376 (43.3)

5963 (46.8)

2327 (43.8)

2310 (43.5)

    Not specified

35 (0.64)

97 (0.76)

35 (0.7)

37 (0.7)

Multi vessel PCI

934 (17.0)

1928 (15.1)

0.001

894 (16.8)

886 (16.7)

0.856

Multi stent PCI

1908 (34.8)

4031 (31.6)

 < 0.001

1836 (34.5)

1853 (34.9)

0.744

Charlson Comorbidity Score:

0.001

0.480

 1–2 comorbidities

4883 (89.0)

11,124 (87.2)

4730 (89.0)

4706 (88.5)

 3 or more comorbidities

603 (11.0)

1627 (12.8)

585 (11.0)

609 (11.5)

Charlson score of comorbidities, mean (SD)

1.49 (0.87)

1.56 (0.92)

 < 0.001

1.49 (0.87)

1.51 (0.89)

0.262

Current smoking

1028 (18.7)

5097 (40.0)

 < 0.001

1026 (19.3)

1047 (19.7)

0.624

Hospital admissions in the prior year:

 < 0.001

0.200

 None

3530 (64.3)

9111 (71.5)

3496 (65.8)

3583 (67.4)

 1–2

1450 (26.4)

2860 (22.4)

1373 (25.8)

1304 (24.5)

 3 or more

506 (9.2)

780 (6.12)

446 (8.4)

428 (8.1)

ED presentations in the prior 3 months:

 < 0.001

0.769

 None

209 (3.8)

665 (5.2)

205 (3.9)

218 (4.1)

 1

4719 (86.0)

10,359 (81.2)

4560 (85.8)

4538 (85.4)

 2 or more

558 (10.2)

1727 (13.5)

550 (10.3)

559 (10.5)

ED presentations in the prior year:

 < 0.001

0.769

 None

262 (4.8)

849 (6.7)

258 (4.9)

280 (5.7)

 1

3921 (71.5)

8064 (63.2)

3780 (71.1)

3759 (70.7)

 2 or more

1303 (23.8)

3838 (30.1)

1277 (24.0)

1276 (24.0)

Prior stroke

33 (0.6)

56 (0.4)

0.185

31 (0.6)

33 (0.6)

0.900

Prior AMI

119 (2.2)

364 (2.9)

0.009

116 (2.2)

137 (2.6)

0.203

Prior CABG

15 (0.3)

40 (0.3)

0.758

15 (0.3)

22 (0.4)

0.323

Heart failure

519 (9.5)

1288 (10.1)

0.193

505 (9.5)

554 (10.4)

0.120

Cardiac Arrhythmia

1088 (19.8)

2258 (17.7)

0.001

1042 (19.6)

1040 (19.6)

0.981

Cardiogenic shock

90 (1.6)

282 (2.2)

0.014

89 (1.7)

86 (1.6)

0.879

Cardiac arrest

61 (1.1)

171 (1.3)

0.232

60 (1.1)

68 (1.3)

0.534

Peripheral vascular disease

46 (0.8)

91 (0.7)

0.423

45 (0.9)

46 (0.9)

1.000

Hypertension

3305 (60.2)

7220 (56.6)

 < 0.001

3182 (59.9)

3183 (59.9)

1.000

Diabetes

1071 (19.5)

3061 (24.0)

 < 0.001

1054 (19.8)

1061 (20.0)

0.884

Coagulopathy

62 (1.1)

148 (1.2)

0.919

61 (1.2)

61 (1.2)

1.000

Pulmonary disease

120 (2.2)

493 (3.9)

 < 0.001

120 (2.3)

122 (2.3)

0.948

Renal disease

282 (5.1)

747 (5.9)

0.058

276 (5.2)

287 (5.4)

0.665

Remoteness:

 < 0.001

0.926

 Major cities

4099 (74.7)

9093 (71.3)

3946 (74.2)

3942 (74.2)

 Inner regional

1090 (19.9)

2717 (21.3)

1073 (20.2)

1075 (20.2)

 Outer regional

202 (3.7)

672 (5.3)

201 (3.8)

193 (3.6)

 Remote/ very remote

10 (0.2)

62 (0.5)

10 (0.2)

9 (0.2)

 Other

85 (1.5)

207 (1.6)

85 (1.6)

96 (1.8)

Socioeconomic status*

 < 0.001

0.348

 1st quintile—Most disadvantaged

909 (16.6)

4232 (33.2)

909 (17.1)

898 (16.9)

 2nd quintile

1189 (21.7)

3297 (25.9)

1183 (22.3)

1213 (22.8)

 3rd quintile

1079 (19.7)

2194 (17.2)

1067 (20.1)

1125 (21.2)

 4th quintile

952 (17.4)

1428 (11.2)

911 (17.1)

904 (17.0)

 5th quintile—Least disadvantaged

1270 (23.1)

1389 (10.9)

1158 (21.8)

1077 (20.3)

 Other

87 (1.59)

211 (1.65)

87 (1.6)

98 (1.8)

Emergency status on admission

 < 0.001

0.348

    Elective/ Not assigned

261 (4.7)

871 (6.8)

260 (4.9)

277 (5.2)

    Emergency

5225 (95.2)

11,880 (93.2)

5055 (95.1)

5038 (94.8)

ED mode of arrival

 < 0.001

0.500

 Emergency services

2870 (52.3)

6337 (49.7)

2779 (52.3)

2734 (51.4)

 Other

2332 (42.5)

5526 (43.3)

2258 (42.5)

2280 (42.9)

 Unknown/NA

284 (5.2)

888 (7.0)

278 (5.2)

301 (5.7)

Hospital of admission peer group:

 < 0.001

0.776

 Principal referral

3651 (66.6)

7718 (60.5)

3509 (66.0)

3491 (65.7)

 Major hospitals

1446 (26.4)

4278 (33.6)

1432 (26.9)

1470 (27.7)

 District hospitals

300 (5.5)

637 (5.0)

296 (5.6)

279 (5.3)

 Other

89 (1.6)

118 (0.9)

78 (1.5)

75 (1.4)

Hospital annual volume of PCI procedures:

 < 0.001

0.820

 1st quartile

1286 (23.4)

3450 (27.1)

1268 (23.9)

1299 (24.4)

 2nd quartile

1438 (26.2)

2856 (22.4)

1371 (25.8)

1343 (25.3)

 3rd quartile

1665 (30.3)

3351 (26.3)

1595 (30.0)

1575 (29.6)

 4th quartile

1097 (20.0)

3094 (24.3)

1081 (20.3)

1098 (20.7)

Year of admission:

0.004

0.998

 2017

1317 (24.0)

2895 (22.7)

1276 (24.0)

1269 (23.9)

 2018

1450 (26.4)

3240 (25.4)

1387 (26.1)

1389 (26.1)

 2019

1454 (26.5)

3374 (26.5)

1414 (26.6)

1413 (26.6)

 2020

1265 (23.1)

3242 (25.4)

1238 (23.3)

1244 (23.4)