Income loss and subsequent poor psychological well-being among the Chinese population during the early COVID-19 pandemic

Lai, Sha; Lu, Li; Shen, Chi; Yan, Alice; Lei, Yanjun; Zhou, Zhongliang; Wang, Youfa

doi:10.1186/s12939-023-02022-1

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 2 Associations of income loss with total PWB score among Chinese adults

From: Income loss and subsequent poor psychological well-being among the Chinese population during the early COVID-19 pandemic

Variables		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Variables		Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE	Coef.	SE
Income loss	Moderate income loss			-0.603***	0.167	-0.652**	0.303
Income loss	Severe income loss			-1.261***	0.180	-0.445	0.308
Interactive items	Moderate income loss×Income (low)					0.150	0.394
	Moderate income loss×Income (middle)					-0.031	0.417
	Severe income loss×Income (low)					-1.010**	0.399
	Severe income loss×Income (middle)					-1.529***	0.430
Age	45–59	1.246***	0.161	1.177***	0.161	1.170***	0.161
Age	60 or above	1.969***	0.472	1.851***	0.471	1.873***	0.471
Gender	Female	0.288***	0.100	0.238**	0.100	0.239**	0.100
Marital Status	Married or co-habiting	0.682***	0.127	0.656***	0.127	0.644***	0.127
Income level	Income (low)	0.525***	0.117	0.547***	0.117	0.904**	0.359
Income level	Income (middle)	0.371***	0.134	0.328**	0.133	0.942**	0.377
Employment status	Unemployed	-0.332**	0.167	-0.225	0.167	-0.215	0.167
Employment status	Non-employed	0.034	0.148	0.026	0.147	0.006	0.147
Education level	Medium education level	-0.112	0.365	-0.081	0.364	-0.117	0.364
Education level	High education level	0.297	0.369	0.293	0.368	0.257	0.367
Chronic medical condition	Having one chronic disease	-1.246***	0.168	-1.239***	0.167	-1.239***	0.167
Chronic medical condition	Multimorbidity	-2.486***	0.166	-2.476***	0.165	-2.492***	0.165
Self-rated health	Good Self-rated health	-1.109***	0.136	-1.122***	0.135	-1.112***	0.135
Self-rated health	Fair or poor self-rated health	-2.858***	0.300	-2.827***	0.299	-2.828***	0.298
COVID-19 infection	Non-infected COVID-19	1.201***	0.184	1.115***	0.184	1.154***	0.184
Impact on diet	General impact on diet	-1.926***	0.182	-1.768***	0.185	-1.765***	0.184
Impact on diet	High impact on diet	-3.646***	0.184	-3.333***	0.189	-3.334***	0.189
Perceived risks of infection	Perceived medium risk of infection	-0.901***	0.110	-0.824***	0.111	-0.818***	0.110
Perceived risks of infection	Perceived high risk of infection	-1.407***	0.147	-1.149***	0.151	-1.181***	0.151
Risk level of living area	Middle risk areas	-0.077	0.136	-0.069	0.135	-0.067	0.135
Risk level of living area	High risk areas	-0.482***	0.139	-0.459***	0.138	-0.458***	0.138
Residential areas	Town	-0.172	0.122	-0.172	0.122	-0.161	0.122
Residential areas	Rural	-0.088	0.151	-0.046	0.151	-0.036	0.151
	Constant	21.23***	0.467	21.82***	0.477	21.49***	0.521
	Adj R-squared (ΔR-squared)		0.197	0.202(0.006***)		0.205 (0.003***)

Note: Values were derived from hierarchical multiple regression analysis with total PWB score as dependent variable. Reference levels in the regression is marked in Table 1
Model 1: Control Variables, i.e., age, gender, employed status, educational level, self or family member get infected of COVID-19, chronic condition, self-rated health, impact on diet, perceived risk, residential areas and income level
Model 2: Model 1 variables + income loss
Model 3: Model 1 variables + income loss + interaction terms between income loss and income groups
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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