Table 1 Sample characteristics among participants attending “The 2020 China COVID 19 Survey”, by the level of income loss due to the COVID-19
Variables | Whole sample (N = 8428) | Level of income loss | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 922; 10.93%) | Moderate (n = 4207; 49.92%) | Severe (n = 3299; 39.14%) | χ2 | |||||||
N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |||
Age | 18–44† | 7,387 | 87.7 | 742 | 80.5 | 3,631 | 86.3 | 3,014 | 91.4 | 101.19*** |
45–59 | 945 | 11.2 | 155 | 16.8 | 529 | 12.6 | 261 | 7.9 | ||
60 or above | 96 | 1.1 | 25 | 2.7 | 47 | 1.1 | 24 | 0.7 | ||
Gender | Male† | 3,694 | 43.8 | 351 | 38.1 | 1,692 | 40.2 | 1,651 | 50.1 | 86.48*** |
Female | 4,734 | 56.2 | 571 | 61.9 | 2,515 | 59.8 | 1,648 | 50.0 | ||
Marital Status | Single† | 2,617 | 31.7 | 245 | 26.6 | 1,319 | 31.4 | 1,107 | 33.6 | 16.68*** |
Married or co-habiting | 5,757 | 68.3 | 677 | 73.4 | 2,888 | 68.7 | 2,192 | 66.4 | ||
Income level | Low | 3,587 | 42.6 | 362 | 39.3 | 1,833 | 43.6 | 1,392 | 42.2 | 81.31*** |
Middle | 2,149 | 25.5 | 292 | 31.7 | 1,154 | 27.4 | 703 | 21.3 | ||
High† | 2,692 | 31.9 | 268 | 29.1 | 1,220 | 29.0 | 1,204 | 36.5 | ||
Employment status | employed† | 5,768 | 68.4 | 668 | 72.5 | 2,981 | 70.9 | 2,119 | 64.2 | 115.59*** |
unemployed | 934 | 11.1 | 59 | 6.4 | 362 | 8.6 | 513 | 15.6 | ||
Non-employed | 1,726 | 20.5 | 195 | 21.2 | 864 | 20.5 | 667 | 20.2 | ||
Education level | Elementary school or below† | 160 | 1.9 | 13 | 1.4 | 61 | 1.5 | 86 | 2.6 | 70.29*** |
Junior high /High school | 3,468 | 41.2 | 319 | 34.6 | 1,648 | 39.2 | 1,501 | 45.5 | ||
Bachelor’s degree or above | 4,800 | 57.0 | 590 | 64.0 | 2,498 | 59.4 | 1,712 | 51.9 | ||
Chronic medical condition | No chronic disease† | 6,644 | 78.8 | 744 | 80.7 | 3,497 | 83.1 | 2,403 | 72.8 | 147.34*** |
Having one chronic disease | 845 | 10.0 | 96 | 10.4 | 379 | 9.0 | 370 | 11.2 | ||
multimorbidity | 939 | 11.1 | 82 | 8.9 | 331 | 7.9 | 526 | 15.9 | ||
Self-rated health | Very good† | 6,859 | 81.4 | 748 | 81.1 | 3,410 | 81.1 | 2,701 | 81.9 | 12.65** |
good | 1,336 | 15.9 | 155 | 16.8 | 695 | 16.5 | 486 | 14.7 | ||
Fair or poor | 233 | 2.8 | 19 | 2.1 | 102 | 2.4 | 112 | 3.4 | ||
COVID-19 infection (participants or family member) | Yes† | 785 | 9.3 | 62 | 6.7 | 160 | 3.8 | 563 | 17.1 | 393.27*** |
No | 7,643 | 90.7 | 860 | 93.3 | 4,047 | 96.2 | 2,736 | 82.9 | ||
Impact on diet | No impact† | 726 | 8.6 | 252 | 27.3 | 321 | 7.6 | 153 | 4.6 | 1000.00*** |
General impact | 3,572 | 42.4 | 481 | 52.2 | 2,115 | 50.3 | 976 | 29.6 | ||
High impact | 4,130 | 49.0 | 189 | 20.5 | 1,771 | 42.1 | 2,170 | 65.8 | ||
Perceived risks of infection | Low† | 3,787 | 44.9 | 628 | 68.1 | 2,132 | 50.7 | 1,027 | 31.1 | 1100.00*** |
medium | 3,065 | 36.4 | 221 | 24.0 | 1,711 | 40.7 | 1,133 | 34.3 | ||
high | 1,576 | 18.7 | 73 | 7.9 | 364 | 8.7 | 1,139 | 34.5 | ||
Risk level of living area | Low† | 1,652 | 19.6 | 184 | 20.0 | 838 | 19.9 | 630 | 19.1 | 24.89*** |
Medium | 3,241 | 38.5 | 359 | 38.9 | 1,702 | 40.5 | 1,180 | 35.8 | ||
High | 3,535 | 41.9 | 379 | 41.1 | 1,667 | 39.6 | 1,489 | 45.1 | ||
Residential areas | City† | 5,085 | 60.3 | 627 | 68.0 | 2,465 | 58.6 | 1,993 | 60.4 | 60.83*** |
Town | 2,067 | 24.5 | 198 | 21.5 | 1,140 | 27.1 | 729 | 22.1 | ||
Rural | 1,276 | 15.1 | 97 | 10.5 | 602 | 14.3 | 577 | 17.5 | ||