Spatiotemporal change in socioeconomic inequality in hygienic menstrual product use among adolescent girls in India during 2015–2019

Chakrabarty, Mahashweta; Singh, Aditya; Singh, Shivani; Tripathi, Pooja

doi:10.1186/s12939-023-02020-3

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Socioeconomic inequality in the use of hygienic products among adolescent girls across the states of India during NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21)

From: Spatiotemporal change in socioeconomic inequality in hygienic menstrual product use among adolescent girls in India during 2015–2019

States/ UTs	NFHS-4 (2015-16)			NFHS-5 (2019-21)			Change during 2015–2021
States/ UTs	ECI	SE	p-value	ECI	SE	p-value	Difference	SE	p-value
Tamil Nadu	0.112	0.013	< 0.001	0.101	0.013	< 0.001	-0.010	0.018	0.562
Telangana	0.280	0.031	< 0.001	0.122	0.015	< 0.001	-0.158	0.034	*< 0.001*
Goa	0.289	0.072	< 0.001	0.157	0.080	0.052	-0.131	0.108	0.222
Sikkim	0.216	0.039	< 0.001	0.198	0.049	< 0.001	-0.018	0.063	0.773
Haryana	0.325	0.019	< 0.001	0.201	0.016	< 0.001	-0.124	0.025	*< 0.001*
Punjab	0.446	0.021	< 0.001	0.221	0.018	< 0.001	-0.225	0.027	*< 0.001*
Andhra Pradesh	0.308	0.029	< 0.001	0.226	0.028	< 0.001	-0.082	0.040	*0.043*
Himachal Pradesh	0.280	0.030	< 0.001	0.234	0.028	< 0.001	-0.045	0.042	0.275
Mizoram	0.190	0.016	< 0.001	0.258	0.025	< 0.001	0.069	0.030	*0.020*
Manipur	0.254	0.023	< 0.001	0.267	0.033	< 0.001	0.013	0.040	0.746
Arunachal Pradesh	0.397	0.025	< 0.001	0.274	0.019	< 0.001	-0.123	0.031	*< 0.001*
Kerala	0.299	0.030	< 0.001	0.277	0.029	< 0.001	-0.021	0.042	0.611
Tripura	0.413	0.040	< 0.001	0.286	0.037	< 0.001	-0.126	0.055	*0.020*
Chhattisgarh	0.324	0.013	< 0.001	0.289	0.015	< 0.001	-0.035	0.020	0.080
West Bengal	0.438	0.020	< 0.001	0.296	0.021	< 0.001	-0.142	0.029	*< 0.001*
Maharashtra	0.341	0.016	< 0.001	0.303	0.014	< 0.001	-0.038	0.022	0.077
Bihar	0.249	0.008	< 0.001	0.306	0.010	< 0.001	0.057	0.013	*< 0.001*
Assam	0.315	0.015	< 0.001	0.307	0.018	< 0.001	-0.008	0.023	0.719
Karnataka	0.336	0.019	< 0.001	0.313	0.017	< 0.001	-0.022	0.025	0.379
Gujarat	0.313	0.018	< 0.001	0.314	0.016	< 0.001	0.000	0.024	0.984
Uttar Pradesh	0.310	0.006	< 0.001	0.319	0.007	< 0.001	0.009	0.009	0.335
Uttarakhand	0.417	0.019	< 0.001	0.338	0.023	< 0.001	-0.078	0.030	*0.008*
Jharkhand	0.377	0.013	< 0.001	0.343	0.016	< 0.001	-0.035	0.020	0.087
Odisha	0.382	0.014	< 0.001	0.347	0.017	< 0.001	-0.035	0.022	0.108
Rajasthan	0.448	0.011	< 0.001	0.355	0.012	< 0.001	-0.094	0.016	*< 0.001*
Nagaland	0.409	0.026	< 0.001	0.376	0.030	< 0.001	-0.033	0.040	0.410
Meghalaya	0.362	0.023	< 0.001	0.409	0.022	< 0.001	0.047	0.032	0.135
Madhya Pradesh	0.388	0.008	< 0.001	0.456	0.011	< 0.001	0.068	0.014	*< 0.001*

Note: ECI = Erreygers concentration index, SE = standard error

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