Table 4 Estimated effects of hardship financing (over the past 12 months) on household consumption expenditure (over the past 30 days), controlling for other key factors

Hardship financing

-0.131***

-0.268*

-0.089*

-0.086

-0.115***

(0.034)

(0.117)

(0.039)

(0.062)

(0.032)

Household size

0.049***

-0.027

0.052***

0.035***

0.063***

(0.005)

(0.019)

(0.006)

(0.062)

(0.005)

Female head of household

-0.131***

0.082

-0.153***

-0.196***

-0.133***

(0.016)

(0.049)

(0.018)

(0.028)

(0.015)

Phnom Penh residence

0.424***

0.924***

0.271***

0.167**

0.339***

(0.027)

(0.098)

(0.043)

(0.063)

(0.038)

Any MFI or bank loan

0.232***

0.010

0.231***

0.526***

0.037**

(0.014)

(0.055)

(0.016)

(0.026)

(0.013)

Covid-19

-0.051**

0.023

-0.062*

-0.011

-0.091***

(0.020)

(0.086)

(0.025)

(0.026)

(0.020)

Working-age household members

0.179***

0.094

0.171***

0.291***

0.126***

(0.015)

(0.049)

(0.017)

(0.027)

(0.014)

Working-age household members (squared)

-0.018***

0.000

-0.019***

-0.032***

-0.014***

(0.002)

(0.007)

(0.002)

(0.004)

(0.002)

Net income (logged)^a

0.029***

0.192***

0.322***

0.112***

(0.005)

(0.034)

(0.052)

(0.032)

Age of health of household^b

0.008***

(0.002)

NSSF card^b

0.540***

(0.064)

Constant

5.001***

5.708***

4.012***

1.778***

4.171***

(0.041)

(0.139)

(0.212)

(0.326)

(0.178)

Observations

9,447

9,447

9,447

9,447

9,447

F-statistic

161.2

41.24

116.92

103.42

111.97

R-squared

0.23

-

-0.041

-0.075

0.104