Catastrophic health expenditure and its association with socioeconomic status in China: evidence from the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Table 4 Incidence (%) of catastrophic health expenditure by annual per-capita household expenditure quintile at various thresholds over years

Quintiles^a	2011				2013				2015				2018
	Fixed threshold (40%)	Variable thresholds			Fixed threshold (40%)	Variable thresholds			Fixed threshold (40%)	Variable thresholds			Fixed threshold (40%)	Variable thresholds
	Fixed threshold (40%)	Q1 = 40%^b	Q3 = 40%^c	Q5 = 40%^d	Fixed threshold (40%)	Q1 = 40%^b	Q3 = 40%^c	Q5 = 40%^d	Fixed threshold (40%)	Q1 = 40%^b	Q3 = 40%^c	Q5 = 40%^d	Fixed threshold (40%)	Q1 = 40%^b	Q3 = 40%^c	Q5 = 40%^d
Q1	15.25	15.25	23.60	41.58	18.56	18.56	29.57	59.50	24.10	24.10	34.68	59.86	46.95	46.95	50.97	61.08
Q2	14.02	9.13	17.47	39.90	12.01	7.33	15.96	55.79	18.33	11.79	22.65	59.17	31.68	28.38	34.41	49.14
Q3	11.36	5.10	11.36	32.85	10.42	3.81	10.42	49.39	15.96	6.33	15.96	55.21	21.05	16.01	21.05	39.47
Q4	8.99	2.95	3.02	17.47	6.04	1.87	1.87	19.55	7.19	2.37	2.37	19.34	16.10	9.47	13.18	27.35
Q5	4.89	1.08	1.08	4.89	0.29	0.00	0.00	0.29	0.58	0.14	0.14	0.58	7.96	2.51	2.51	7.96
Total	10.90	6.70	11.30	27.34	9.46	6.31	11.56	36.90	13.23	8.95	15.16	38.83	24.75	20.67	24.42	36.98

^aQuintile 1 is the poorest and Quintile 5 is the wealthiest
^bQ1 = 40% means that 40% was selected as the threshold level for Q1, and the thresholds for other quintiles were estimated by multiplying 40% by the ratio of average food expenditure in certain quintile to that in Q1
^cQ3 = 40% means that 40% was selected as the threshold level for Q3, and the thresholds for other quintiles were estimated by multiplying 40% by the ratio of average food expenditure in certain quintile to that in Q3
^dQ5 = 40% means that 40% was selected as the threshold level for Q5, and the thresholds for other quintiles were estimated by multiplying 40% by the ratio of average food expenditure in certain quintile to that in Q5

ISSN: 1475-9276