Skip to main content

Table 2 Characteristics of surveyed households in 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018 (N = 6,953)

From: Catastrophic health expenditure and its association with socioeconomic status in China: evidence from the 2011-2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Characteristics

2011

2013

2015

2018

Number (Mean)

% (SD)a

Number (Mean)

% (SD)a

Number (Mean)

% (SD)a

Number (Mean)

% (SD)a

Demographics

Age (years)

59

9.20

61

9.20

63

9.20

66

9.20

Sex

  Male

3,196

45.97

3,196

45.97

3,196

45.97

3,196

45.97

  Female

3,757

54.03

3,757

54.03

3,757

54.03

3,757

54.03

Rurality of residence

  Urban areas

932

13.40

932

13.40

932

13.40

932

13.40

  Urban-rural areas

436

6.27

436

6.27

436

6.27

436

6.27

  Rural areas

5,585

80.33

5,585

80.33

5,585

80.33

5,585

80.33

Marital status

  Living aloneb

1,145

16.47

1,299

18.68

1,492

21.46

1,876

26.98

  Married or partnered

5,808

83.53

5,654

81.32

5,461

78.54

5,077

73.02

Ethnicity

  Han

6,412

92.22

6,412

92.22

6,412

92.22

6,412

92.22

  Other ethnic groups

541

7.78

541

7.78

541

7.78

541

7.78

Education

  Illiterate

1,632

23.47

1,632

23.47

1,632

23.47

1,632

23.47

  Primary school and below

2,959

42.56

2,959

42.56

2,959

42.56

2,959

42.56

  Secondary school

2,249

32.35

2,249

32.35

2,249

32.35

2,249

32.35

  College school and above

113

1.63

113

1.63

113

1.63

113

1.63

Health insurance

  No insurance

270

3.88

127

1.83

117

1.68

96

1.38

  UEBMIc

821

11.81

847

12.18

878

12.63

851

12.24

  UBMId

5,647

81.22

5,772

83.01

5,849

84.12

5,683

81.73

  Otherse

215

3.09

207

2.98

109

1.57

323

4.65

Disease status

 No morbidity

1,984

28.53

1,817

26.13

1,298

18.67

778

11.19

 Single morbidity

2,073

29.81

1,976

28.42

1,719

24.72

1,110

15.96

 Multimorbidity

2,896

41.65

3,160

45.45

3,936

56.61

5,065

72.85

Household size

3.80

1.80

5.40

1.85

3.30

0.50

2.43

0.66

Type of healthcare utilization

 Neither outpatient nor inpatient service use

5,249

75.49

5,255

75.58

4,874

70.10

4,870

70.04

 Outpatient service use

1,126

16.19

1,357

19.52

1,088

15.65

790

11.36

 Inpatient service use

386

5.55

166

2.39

679

9.77

951

13.68

 Both outpatient and inpatient service use

192

2.76

175

2.52

312

4.49

342

4.92

  1. aSD Standard deviation
  2. bLiving alone means separated, divorced, widowed, or unmarried
  3. cUEBMI Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance
  4. dUBMI Unified Basic Medical Insurance
  5. e Others = Government medical insurance, Medical aid, Private medical insurance: purchased by work unit, Private medical insurance: purchased by individual, urban non-employed person’s health insurance, Long-term care insurance, and Other medical insurance
Back to article page

International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

Contact us