Poverty alleviation and health services for the poor in China: evidence from national health service surveys in 2013 and 2018

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the poor between 2013 and 2018 in China

	Total				Urban area				Rural area
	2013		2018		2013		2018		2013		2018
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Aged over 65
The poor	7896	34.6	8510	29.9	1753	26.6	768	22.8	6143	37.9	7742	30.8
The non-poor	63,077	28.1	52,664	25.2	29,193	35.3	19,627	30.2	33,884	23.9	33,037	22.9
Total	70,973	28.7	61,174	25.7	30,946	34.6	20,395	29.8	40,027	25.3	40,779	24.1
Chi Square	430.3		291.5		204.0		83.5		1500		735.8
P-value	< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Illiterate
The poor	4429	22.5	6159	24.5	540	9.2	337	10.9	3889	28.1	5822	26.4
The non-poor	21,368	11.3	21,085	11.7	3471	4.7	2427	4.2	17,897	15.5	18,658	15.2
Total	25,797	12.3	27,244	13.2	4011	5.0	2764	4.5	21,786	16.8	24,480	16.9
Chi Square	2100		3200		228.9		309.2		1400		1700
P-value	< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Unemployment or out of labor force
The poor	6384	32.4	11,603	46.1	2581	43.9	1521	49.1	3803	27.5	10,082	45.7
The non-poor	27,450	14.5	44,928	24.8	9241	12.5	7247	12.4	18,209	15.7	37,681	30.8
Total	33,834	16.2	56,531	27.4	11,822	14.8	8768	14.3	222,012	17.0	47,763	33.0
Chi Square	4200		5000		4200		3200		1200		1900
P-value	< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001
Covered by health insurance
The poor	20,592	96.4	24,758	98.4	5727	91.2	2964	95.6	14,865	98.6	21,794	98.8
The non-poor	199,351	97.0	177,494	98.1	74,029	94.7	57,035	97.6	125,322	98.4	120,459	98.3
Total	219,943	96.9	202,252	98.1	79,756	94.5	59,999	97.5	140,187	98.4	142,253	98.4
Chi Square	18.8		10.9		141.8		51.3		6.9		26.2
P-value	< 0.001		0.001		< 0.001		< 0.001		0.008		< 0.001

ISSN: 1475-9276