Table 3 Incidence of catastrophic health spending (%) at 10% expenditure threshold (N = 6,445)
2018 % (95% CI) | 2019 % (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
All households | 7.9 (7.3, 8.6) | 4.4 (4.0, 5.0) | ||
Health insurance coverage | P = 0.001 | P = 0.031 | ||
Public (JKN) | 7.0 (6.2, 7.8) | 4.0 (3.5, 4.6) | ||
Private | 10.1 (5.1, 17.3) | 5.6 (1.5, 13.6) | ||
No coverage | 9.6 (8.4, 10.9) | 5.5 (4.5, 6.7) | ||
Residence | P < 0.001 | P = 0.095 | ||
Urban | 6.8 (6.1, 7.7) | 4.1 (3.5, 4.8) | ||
Rural | 9.7 (8.5, 10.9) | 4.9 (4.2, 5.8) | ||
Employment of the head of household | P < 0.001 | P = 0.135 | ||
Unemployed | 13.0 (10.1, 16.4) | 6.4 (4.5, 8.8) | ||
Civil servant | 11.2 (8.1, 15.0) | 4.9 (2.9, 7.9) | ||
Private employee | 5.9 (4.3, 7.8) | 4.1 (2.8, 5.6) | ||
Self-employed | 7.6 (6.8, 8.4) | 4.3 (3.7, 4.9) | ||
Household monthly expenditure quintile | P = 0.002 | P = 0.012 | ||
Poorest, Q1 | 9.7 (8.2, 11.5) | 5.6 (4.4, 7.0) | ||
Poorer, Q2 | 7.2 (5.9, 8.7) | 4.7 (3.6, 6.0) | ||
Middle, Q3 | 6.4 (5.1, 7.9) | 4.4 (3.4, 5.7) | ||
Richer, Q4 | 6.9 (5.5, 8.4) | 3.9 (2.9, 5.1) | ||
Richest, Q5 | 9.5 (7.9, 11.2) | 3.6 (2.6, 4.7) | ||
Number of children under five years old | P = 0.002 | P < 0.001 | ||
None | 7.3 (6.5, 8.1) | 3.7 (3.2, 4.3) | ||
One or more | 9.6 (8.3, 11.1) | 6.6 (5.4, 7.9) | ||
Number of adult aged 60+ | P < 0.001 | P = 0.040 | ||
None | 6.9 (6.2, 7.8) | 4.1 (3.5, 4.7) | ||
One or more | 10.1 (8.8, 11.5) | 5.2 (4.3, 6.2) | ||
Type of outpatient care provider | P < 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||
Public only | 7.6 (6.1, 9.3) | 4.5 (3.3, 6.0) | ||
Private | 19.8 (18.0, 21.7) | 14.3 (12.5, 16.3) | ||
Not using outpatient care | 2.0 (1.6, 2.6) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.7) | ||
Type of inpatient care provider | P = 0.001 | P < 0.001 | ||
Public only | 19.3 (16.4, 22.4) | 10.2 (7.7, 13.2) | ||
Private | 27.7 (23.6, 32.1) | 18.1 (14.7, 22.0) | ||
Not using inpatient care | 4.7 (4.2, 5.4) | 2.7 (2.3, 3.2) | ||