Fig. 2

The gene names associated with each significant CpG site were included in a pathway analysis indicating potential biological function using the reactome tool over-representation analysis [44]. The genes were not significantly over-represented in any pathway, but four of the five genes were identified as involved in biological pathways, and this figure highlights the coverage of biological pathways in which these genes play a role. The genes were pleiotropic, meaning each gene likely has a function in more than one biological pathway. The pathways include roles in homeostasis, immune system, metabolism, signal transduction, transport of small molecules, muscle contraction, vesicle-mediated transport, metabolism of RNA, and chromatin organization