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Table 4 Summary of logistic regression models with both Index of social vulnerability and number of chronic illnesses included in the model

From: Development of an individual index of social vulnerability that predicts negative healthcare events: a proposed tool to address healthcare equity in primary care research and practice

Negative healthcare event

Prevalence of eventa

Model Results

Social Vulnerability Index ≥ 2

ORb

(95% CI)

Number chronic diseases

ORc

(95% CI)

Events based on administrative data:

 2 + ED visits (administrative data)

11.1%

(197/1769)

2.18

(1.43, 8.10)

1.19

(1.09. 1.32)

 Any hospital admission

16.3%

(289/1769)

1.50

(1.03. 2.18)

1.24

(1,15, 1.35)

 Hospital admission through the emergency room

4.7%

(68/1368)

2.95

(1,71, 5.07)

1.38

(1.23, 1.57)

Self-reported events, survey data

 ED use for health system reasonsd

16.9%

(343/1685)

1.61

(1.19, 2.19)

1.04

(0.98, 1.18)

 5 + point decline in functional health status (SF-12)e

23.1%

(414/1377)

1.26

(0.90, 1.75)

1.32

(1.20, 1.46)

 Problem became worse because of delayed care

8.6%

(173/1837)

2.0

(1.36, 2.91)

1.17

(1.07, 1.27)

 Feel abandoned by the system

23.1%

(463/1453)

1.37

(1.03, 1.83)

1.09

(1.01, 1.15)

 Unmet need for healthcare

11.5%

(231/1774)

1.16

(0.80, 1,70)

1.08

(0.99, 1.17)

  1. aVarying denominator reflects missing values at Time 2
  2. bOdds Ratio (OR) show adjusted likelihood of negative healthcare event in the subsequent 12 months, among patients with Index ≥ 2, compared to Index < 2; bolded values are statistically significant two-sided p < 0.05
  3. cOdds ratio associated with each additional chronic disease from a list of 14 stable diagnoses
  4. dDoctor not available, wait for appointment too long, not know what to do, confused what to do or had conflicting information, too far to clinic
  5. eControlling for baseline SF-12