Inequality of opportunity in outpatient expenditure among the elderly with multimorbidity: evidence from China

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population (N = 3527)

Variables	Mean/N	SD/%
Outpatient expenditure (USD)	665.97	1467.22
Age (year)	83.60	10.91
Number of chronic diseases	3.25	1.74
Household income (USD)	7431.41	5663.43
Education duration (year)	4.43	4.90
Reimbursement rate	0.29	0.38
Distance to health facilities (km)	2.36	5.46
Age group
65–74	879	24.92
75–84	1037	29.40
85–94	910	25.80
≥ 95	701	19.88
Gender
Male	1563	44.32
Female	1964	55.68
Physical labor
No	1124	31.87
Yes	2403	68.13
Pension
No	1222	34.65
Yes	2305	65.35
Household registration
Urban	1540	43.66
Rural	1987	56.34
Region
Eastern	2054	58.24
Central and western	1473	41.76
Medical insurance
None	401	11.37
NRCMS	1679	47.60
URBMI/UEBMI	1239	35.13
CMI/FMT	208	5.90

The annual average exchange rate of USD against CNY in 2017 was 6.7518 obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics

ISSN: 1475-9276