Horizontal inequity trends of health care utilization in rural China after the medicine and healthcare system reform: based on longitudinal data from 2010 to 2018

Xu, Jinpeng; Tian, Guomei; Sun, Jiale; Liu, Jian; Chen, Fangting; Shi, Qi; Zhang, Ting; Zhang, Hongyu; He, Jingran; Deng, Fangmin; Zhang, Bokai; Wang, Haixin; Wu, Qunhong; Kang, Zheng

doi:10.1186/s12939-023-01908-4

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 4 Decomposition of inequality in inpatient utilization, 2010–2018

From: Horizontal inequity trends of health care utilization in rural China after the medicine and healthcare system reform: based on longitudinal data from 2010 to 2018

	2010			2012			2014			2016			2018
	dy/dx	Cont	%	dy/dx	Cont	%	dy/dx	Cont	%	dy/dx	Cont	%	dy/dx	Cont	%
Need factors
Female	-0.0073	-0.0005	1.00	-0.0076	-0.0006	1.11	0.0035	0.0001	-0.12	0.0017	0.0001	-0.09	0.0071	0.0005	-0.51
< 30	0.0047	0.0005	-1.11	0.0206^*	0.0042	-8.10	0.0055	0.0007	-1.17	-0.0600^***	-0.0103	14.89	-0.0472^***	-0.0077	8.69
30 ~ 59	-0.0148^**	-0.0027	5.66	-0.0156^**	-0.0028	5.34	-0.0334^***	-0.0056	9.02	-0.0437^***	-0.0077	11.07	-0.0432^***	-0.0069	7.79
Poor	0.0982^***	-0.0355	74.31	0.1132^***	-0.0261	50.33	0.1104^***	-0.0265	42.92	0.1155^***	-0.0284	41.07	0.1228^***	-0.0289	32.57
Fair	0.0359^***	0.0037	-7.66	0.0484^***	-0.0014	2.71	0.0422^***	0.0007	-1.06	0.0437^***	-0.0011	1.59	0.0500^***	-0.0014	1.63
With chronic diseases	0.0509^***	-0.0065	13.53	0.0697^***	-0.0017	3.29	0.1019^***	-0.0047	7.60	0.1103^***	-0.0096	13.82	0.1210^***	-0.0140	15.72
Non-need factors
Primary school or below	0.0013	-0.0008	1.77	-0.0054	0.0032	-6.14	-0.0085	0.0037	-5.99	-0.0102	0.0051	-7.43	0.0385^*	-0.0177	19.93
Junior high school	-0.0009	-0.0003	0.69	0.0009	0.0002	-0.45	-0.0020	-0.0004	0.67	-0.0158	-0.0032	4.69	0.0194	0.0034	-3.83
High/Secondary school	0.0037	0.0007	-1.53	0.0093	0.0018	-3.40	-0.0060	-0.0008	1.28	-0.0082	-0.0013	1.85	0.0177	0.0024	-2.74
Married	0.0340^***	0.0017	-3.49	0.0283^***	0.0003	-0.52	0.0508^***	0.0005	-0.88	0.0119	-0.0001	0.21	-0.0030	0.0001	-0.06
With medical insurance	0.0148^*	0.0007	-1.50	0.0267^**	-0.0016	3.15	0.0154	-0.0001	0.11	0.0404^***	-0.0007	0.98	0.0630^***	-0.0001	0.16
Employed	-0.0205^***	-0.0060	12.56	-0.0409^***	-0.0222	42.86	-0.0593^***	-0.0052	8.34	-0.0443^***	-0.0041	5.93	-0.0530^***	-0.0061	6.82
Poorest SES	-0.0043	0.0087	-18.11	0.0017	-0.0030	5.88	0.0041	-0.0058	9.32	-0.0030	0.0040	-5.78	0.0024	-0.0026	2.96
2th SES	-0.0101	0.0101	-21.12	-0.0032	0.0028	-5.31	0.0092	-0.0064	10.44	-0.0014	0.0010	-1.38	-0.0073	0.0040	-4.53
Middle SES	-0.0115	0.0000	0.00	0.0022	0.0000	0.00	0.0040	0.0000	-0.01	-0.0060	0.0000	0.03	-0.0167	0.0000	0.01
4th SES	-0.0135^*	-0.0136	28.44	-0.0012	-0.0010	1.94	-0.0020	-0.0014	2.27	0.0047	0.0031	-4.50	0.0021	0.0012	-1.30

dy/dx Marginal effects, Cont Contribution to the overall concentration index, % Contribution rate
P-value: *0.01 ≤ p < 0.05; **0.001 ≤ p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001

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