Wealth inequalities in physical and cognitive impairments across Japan and Europe: the role of health expenditure and infrastructure

Table 2 Correlation between wealth-related inequalities in physical and cognitive impairments and macro variables

	Physical impairments		Cognitive impairments
	Standardized CI (1)	CI (2)	Standardized CI (3)	CI (4)
Share of public health spending	0.344^***	0.435^***	-0.209^***	-0.098^***
OOP payments	-0.081^***	-0.146^***	0.366^***	0.264^***
Number of doctors per 1,000 inhabitants	0.309^***	0.339^***	0.136^***	0.164^***
Number of hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants	0.476^***	0.464^***	0.187^***	0.232^***
N	31,696		31,384

Standardized CI means generalized CI standardizing for age and sex, controlling for respondents’ education level. CI refers to generalized CI without standardizing for age and sex
^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001

ISSN: 1475-9276