Table 5 Associations between menstrual-related taboo, stigma, discrimination and sociodemographic characteristics (N = 20,619)

Age

 18–25

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 26–35

0.59 (0.52–0.67)

 < 0.001

0.62 (0.54–0.71)

 < 0.001

0.83 (0.75–0.92)

 < 0.001

0.81 (0.72–0.91)

 < 0.001

1.02 (0.92–1.12)

0.738

 36–45

0.46 (0.40–0.53)

 < 0.001

0.54 (0.46–0.62)

 < 0.001

0.80 (0.72–0.89)

 < 0.001

0.82 (0.72–0.93)

0.002

0.83 (0.75–0.92)

 < 0.001

 46–55

0.37 (0.30–0.45)

 < 0.001

0.56 (0.47–0.67)

 < 0.001

0.71 (0.63–0.82)

 < 0.001

0.75 (0.63–0.88)

 < 0.001

0.54 (0.47–0.62)

 < 0.001

Gender

 Women

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Non-binary/other

1.21 (0.91–1.59)

0.180

0.88 (0.68–1.15)

0.346

1.38 (1.11–1.71)

0.003

1.08 (0.85–1.37)

0.542

1.88 (1.52–2.33)

 < 0.001

Trans

 No

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Yes

2.51 (1.64–3.83)

 < 0.001

1.18 (0.67–2.06)

0.565

1.48 (0.96–2.27)

0.076

2.37 (1.59–3.54)

 < 0.001

1.10 (0.73–1.66)

0.653

 I don’t know

1.19 (0.71–1.98)

0.507

1.18 (0.67–2.07)

0.576

1.08 (0.71–1.65)

0.708

1.38 (0.89–2.14)

0.156

1.50 (0.97–2.32)

0.070

Place of birth

 Spain

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Latin America

1.28 (1.02–1.61)

0.036

1.05 (0.83–1.32)

0.695

1.10 (0.92–1.31)

0.283

1.18 (0.97–1.44)

0.103

0.95 (0.80–1.13)

0.535

 Europe

1.28 (0.94–1.74)

0.120

1.08 (0.79–1.48)

0.636

1.08 (0.85–1.37)

0.543

1.48 (1.14–1.93)

0.003

1.30 (1.02–1.66)

0.033

 Other

2.19 (1.41–3.40)

0.001

1.00 (0.57–1.77)

0.993

1.41 (0.92–2.16)

0.111

2.17 (1.44–3.28)

 < 0.001

1.31 (0.87–1.98)

0.195

Administrative situation

 Spanish nationality

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Permanent residency

1.42 (1.09–1.86)

0.010

0.97 (0.74–1.27)

0.818

0.94 (0.77–1.16)

0.577

1.10 (0.87–1.39)

0.446

0.78 (0.63–0.96)

0.019

 Temporal residency

1.69 (1.13–2.53)

0.011

1.44 (0.83–2.50)

0.201

1.29 (0.88–1.88)

0.189

1.48 (1.01–2.14)

0.042

0.89 (0.62–1.27)

0.514

 No permit/in process

3.65 (1.88–7.07)

 < 0.001

2.67 (0.81–8.82)

0.107

2.04 (1.01–4.13)

0.047

2.11 (1.10–4.03)

0.024

0.62 (0.32–1.17)

0.140

Employment situation

 Working full-time

0.93 (0.80–1.07)

0.306

1.15 (1.00–1.31)

0.046

1.11 (1.00–1.23)

0.048

1.07 (0.94–1.21)

0.303

0.98 (0.88–1.09)

0.748

 Working part-time

0.93 (0.80–1.07)

0.302

0.98 (0.85–1.13)

0.797

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

0.208

0.91 (0.80–1.03)

0.156

1.07 (0.96–1.19)

0.194

 Self-employed

0.89 (0.73–1.07)

0.207

0.74 (0.64–0.87)

 < 0.001

0.90 (0.79–1.01)

0.077

0.94 (0.81–1.09)

0.428

1.06 (0.93–1.20)

0.381

 Studying full-time

1.21 (1.03–1.43)

0.019

1.45 (1.21–1.74)

 < 0.001

1.25 (1.11–1.42)

 < 0.001

1.29 (1.12–1.49)

 < 0.001

1.31 (1.16–1.48)

 < 0.001

 Studying part-time

1.01 (0.86–1.18)

0.920

0.87 (0.76–1.00)

0.054

0.99 (0.89–1.11)

0.858

1.06 (0.93–1.20)

0.419

1.28 (1.14–1.43)

 < 0.001

 Unemployment or COVID19 benefits

0.99 (0.83–1.20)

0.951

1.07 (0.90–1.27)

0.462

1.17 (1.03–1.34)

0.017

0.99 (0.85–1.16)

0.907

1.21 (1.06–1.38)

0.004

 Pension or retirement

0.91 (0.56–1.49)

0.713

0.90 (0.58–1.42)

0.660

1.07 (0.76–1.51)

0.700

1.05 (0.70–1.57)

0.825

1.18 (0.84–1.67)

0.346

 Unpaid carer/houseworker

0.90 (0.73–1.11)

0.311

0.85 (0.72–1.01)

0.057

0.88 (0.76–1.00)

0.054

1.02 (0.86–1.20)

0.813

1.30 (1.13–1.49)

 < 0.001

Completed education

 Primary education

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Secondary education

1.38 (0.82–2.32)

0.231

1.15 (0.80–1.65)

0.443

1.56 (1.16–2.08)

0.003

1.09 (0.74–1.63)

0.656

1.58 (1.15–2.17)

0.005

 University education

1.70 (1.01–2.86)

0.045

1.19 (0.83–1.71)

0.335

2.22 (1.67–2.97)

 < 0.001

1.65 (1.11–2.44)

0.013

2.10 (1.53–2.88)

 < 0.001

Financial problems < 12 months

 Always/Many times

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

 Some/A few times

0.92 (0.80–1.05)

0.207

0.98 (0.86–1.12)

0.765

1.03 (0.94–1.14)

0.518

0.96 (0.86–1.08)

0.531

0.70 (0.63–0.77)

 < 0.001

 Never

0.82 (0.71–0.93)

0.003

0.78 (0.69–0.89)

 < 0.001

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

0.001

0.85 (0.76–0.95)

0.006

0.46 (0.42–0.51)

 < 0.001