Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the participants with and without edentulism (N = 17,032)
Variables | Edentulism | N (%) | χ2 | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 914), (%) | No (n = 16,118), (%) | ||||
Sex | 0.182 | 0.683 | |||
 Male | 432 (5.3) | 7735 (94.7) | 8167 (48.0) |  |  |
 Female | 482 (5.4) | 8383 (94.6) | 8865 (52.0) |  |  |
Age group | 313.174 | < 0.001 | |||
 45–59 | 117 (1.8) | 6522 (98.2) | 6639 (41.8) |  |  |
 60–69 | 287 (5.2) | 5247 (94.8) | 5534 (34.9) |  |  |
 70–79 | 310 (8.9) | 3171 (91.1) | 3481 (21.9) |  |  |
 ≥ 80 | 31 (14.3) | 186 (85.7) | 217 (1.4) |  |  |
Marital status | 110.497 | < 0.001 | |||
 Married | 697 (4.7) | 14,177 (95.3) | 14,874 (87.3) |  |  |
 Single | 9 (6.6) | 128 (93.4) | 137 (0.8) |  |  |
 Others | 208 (10.3) | 1813 (89.7) | 2021 (11.9) |  |  |
Childhood SES | |||||
 Occupation of the mother | 7.897 | 0.005 | |||
  Agricultural | 776 (5.4) | 13,535 (94.6) | 14,311 (93.3) |  |  |
  Non-agricultural | 35 (3.4) | 996 (96.6) | 1031 (6.7) |  |  |
 Occupation of the father | 13.395 | < 0.001 | |||
  Agricultural | 727 (5.6) | 12,346 (94.4) | 10,799 (80.4) |  |  |
  Non-agricultural | 126 (3.9) | 3064 (96.1) | 3190 (19.6) |  |  |
 Financial situation of the family | 2.568 | 0.632 | |||
  A lot worse | 224 (5.7) | 3726 (94.3) | 3950 (23.2) |  |  |
  Somewhat worse off | 139 (5.2) | 2553 (94.8) | 2692 (15.8) |  |  |
  Same | 464 (5.3) | 8258 (94.7) | 8722 (51.3) |  |  |
  Somewhat better | 69 (4.8) | 1369 (95.2) | 1438 (8.5) |  |  |
  A lot better off | 13 (6.7) | 181 (93.3) | 194 (1.1) |  |  |
 Education of the mother | 47.321 | < 0.001 | |||
  No formal education | 834 (5.9) | 13,363 (94.1) | 14,197 (86.2) |  |  |
  Elementary school | 47 (2.4) | 1890 (97.6) | 1937 (11.8) |  |  |
  Middle school | 4 (1.6) | 247 (98.4) | 251 (1.5) |  |  |
  High school and above | 3 (3.8) | 75 (96.2) | 78 (0.5) |  |  |
 Education of the father | 38.199 | < 0.001 | |||
  No formal education | 574 (6.4) | 8357 (93.6) | 8931 (56.9) |  |  |
  Elementary school | 240 (4.3) | 5368 (95.7) | 5608 (35.7) |  |  |
  Middle school | 33 (3.8) | 839 (96.2) | 872 (5.6) |  |  |
  High school and above | 10 (3.5) | 276 (96.5) | 286 (1.8) |  |  |
 Food shortage | 12.490 | < 0.001 | |||
  Yes | 661 (5.8) | 10,759 (94.2) | 11,420 (67.4) |  |  |
  No | 248 (4.5) | 5283 (95.5) | 5531 (32.6) |  |  |
 Primary residence | 9.267 | 0.003 | |||
  Rural | 794 (5.9) | 12,584 (94.1) | 13,378 (91.2) |  |  |
  Urban | 50 (3.9) | 1242 (96.1) | 1292 (8.8) |  |  |
 Medical convenience | 12.647 | 0.001 | |||
  Yes | 584 (4.6) | 12,055 (95.4) | 12,639 (91.0) |  |  |
  No | 86 (6.9) | 1164 (93.1) | 1250 (9.0) |  |  |
Childhood health | 28.749 | < 0.001 | |||
 poor | 76 (8.7) | 793 (91.3) | 869 (5.1) |  |  |
 fair | 68 (5.0) | 1289 (95.0) | 1357 (8.0) |  |  |
 good | 495 (5.6) | 8298 (94.4) | 8793 (51.6) |  |  |
 very good | 149 (4.7) | 3018 (95.3) | 3167 (18.6) |  |  |
 excellent | 126 (4.4) | 2720 (95.6) | 2846 (16.7) |  |  |
Adulthood SES | |||||
 Education |  |  |  | 73.220 | < 0.001 |
  No formal education | 288 (7.9) | 3380 (92.1) | 3668 (26.1) |  |  |
  Elementary school | 359 (5.8) | 5821 (94.2) | 6180 (43.9) |  |  |
  Middle school | 122 (3.9) | 3009 (96.1) | 3131 (22.3) |  |  |
  High school and above | 26 (2.4) | 1059 (97.6) | 1085 (7.7) |  |  |
Adulthood health | |||||
 Self-rated health | 29.542 | < 0.001 | |||
  poor | 177 (7.2) | 2281 (92.8) | 2458 (14.9) |  |  |
  fair | 304 (5.2) | 5591 (94.8) | 5895 (35.7) |  |  |
  good | 251 (4.9) | 4907 (95.1) | 5158 (31.2) |  |  |
  very good | 82 (4.3) | 1831 (95.7) | 1913 (11.6) |  |  |
  excellent | 41 (3.7) | 1066 (96.3) | 1107 (6.7) |  |  |