Table 1 Descriptive statistics of the whole study sample (N = 12,681)
Variables | Measurement | n (%)/mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|
Financial support (natural logarithm) | Continuous measurements | 6.07 (2.23) |
Informal care provision (hours) | Continuous measurements | 46.39 (53.10) |
Low intensity (less than 20 h) | 6138 (48.40%) | |
Medium intensity (21 to 50 h) | 2831 (22.33%) | |
High intensity (more than 50 h) | 3712 (29.27%) | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||
Gender | Female = 0 | 7,922 (62.47%) |
Male = 1 | 4,759 (37.53%) | |
Age | Continuous measurement | 91.10 (10.08) |
Education level (years) | Continuous measurement | 1.99 (3.49) |
Marital status | Single/divorced/widowed = 0 | 9,582 (75.56%) |
Married = 1 | 3,099 (24.44%) | |
Household registration | Rural = 0 | 6,060 (47.79%) |
City = 1 | 6,621 (52.21%) | |
Health status and lifestyle | ||
Chronic diseases | No = 0 | 5,158 (45.63%) |
Yes = 1 | 7,523 (59.32%) | |
ADL | Continuous measurement | 8.95 (3.44) |
Smoking | No = 0 | 11,192 (88.26%) |
Yes = 1 | 1,489 (11.74%) | |
Alcohol consumption | No = 0 | 11,168 (88.07%) |
Yes = 1 | 1,513 (11.93%) | |
Exercise | No = 0 | 9,909 (78.14%) |
Yes = 1 | 2,772 (21.86%) | |
Family sources | ||
Number of children | Have no children = 0 | 218 (1.72%) |
Have one child = 1 | 754 (5.95%) | |
Have two or more children = 2 | 11,709 (92.33%) | |
Family income (natural logarithm) | Continuous measurement | 9.75 (1.61) |
Bargaining power | ||
Have real estate in own name | No = 0 | 8,199 (64.66%) |
Yes = 1 | 4,482 (35.34%) | |
Have sufficient income for paying daily expenses | No = 0 | 2,397 (18.90%) |
Yes = 1 | 10,284 (81.10%) | |
Frequency of performing housework | Rarely or never = 1 | 8,998 (90.96%) |
Sometimes = 2 | 377 (2.97%) | |
Monthly = 3 | 154 (1.21%) | |
Weekly = 4 | 578 (4.56%) | |
Daily = 5 | 2,574 (20.30%) | |
Intergenerational relationship | ||
Residence arrangement | Lived alone = 0 | 4,054 (31.97%) |
Co-resided with adult children = 1 | 8,627 (68.03%) | |
Frequency of communication with children | Never = 0 | 3,399 (26.80%) |
Sometimes = 1 | 3,855 (30.40%) | |
Often = 2 | 4,294 (33.86%) | |
Always = 3 | 1,133 (8.93%) | |
Social services | ||
Medical insurance | No = 0 | 2,466 (19.45%) |
Yes = 1 | 10,215 (80.55%) | |
Pension insurance | No = 0 | 7,968 (62.83%) |
Yes = 1 | 4,713 (37.17%) | |
Community-based care services | Continuous measurement | 1.39 (1.85) |