Table 3 Characteristics of the reviewed studies (categorized by the study area)
First author | Publication year | Area | Location | Method | Sample size | Sample size of Afghans | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iran: physical health | |||||||
1 | Sharifi [14] | 2020 | Pregnancy | Tehran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 280 | the same |
2 | Mohammadi [15] | 2017 | Maternal-Near-Miss (MNM) | Tehran | Mixed-methods (audit study + interviews) | 76 | 22 |
3 | Mohammadi [16] | 2016 | MNM | Tehran | Quantitative, case–control | 82 cases 1,024 controls | 22 cases 150 controls |
4 | Rezaeian [17] | 2014 | Neonatal | Rafsanjan | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 5,925 | 393 |
5 | Abbasi Shahvazi [18] | 2015 | Fertility | Iran | Quantitative, census | 230,054 | 14,741 |
6 | Sadeghipour Roudsari [19] | 2006 | Reproductive health | Tehran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 478 | 231 |
7 | Tober [20] | 2006 | Family planning | Isfahan | Qualitative, ethnographic | 101 | the same |
8 | Tober [21] | 2007 | Public health | Isfahan | Qualitative, interviews | 101 | 64 |
9 | Nateghi Rostami [22] | 2013 | Leishmaniosis | Qom | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 849 | 100 |
10 | Mohammadi Azni [23] | 2010 | Leishmaniosis | Damghan | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 465 | 20 |
11 | Otoukesh [24] | 2012 | Disease referrals | Iran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 23,152 | the same |
12 | Pakravan Charvadeh [25] | 2020 | Food security | Tehran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 317 | the same |
13 | Maarefvand [26] | 2016 | Food security | Tehran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 150 | the same |
14 | Abdollahi [27] | 2015 | Food security | Pakdasht | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 414 | the same |
15 | Omidvar [28] | 2013 | Food security | Tehran & Mashhad | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 310 | the same |
16 | Rezaeian [29] | 2009 | Nutrition | Tehran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 606 | the same |
17 | Fallah [30] | 2016 | Enterobacteriaceae | Iran | Quantitative, correlational | 2,500 | 1,112 |
18 | Pourhossein [31] | 2015 | Infectious diseases | Iran | Systematic review & meta-analysis | - | - |
19 | Barati [32] | 2010 | Cholera | Karaj | Quantitative, case–control | 54 | 4 |
20 | Rajabali [33] | 2009 | Communicable diseases | Iran & Pakistan | Narrative review | - | - |
21 | Izadi [34] | 2004 | Crimean-Congo fever | Sistan & Baluchestan | Quantitative, case–control | 24 cases 300 controls | 5 |
22 | Behzadi [35] | 2014 | Hepatitis B | Fars | Quantitative, cross-sectional | all Afghans in the province | 64 |
23 | Fathimoghaddam [36] | 2011 | Hepatitis B | Mashhad | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 652 | 61 |
24 | Naseh [37] | 2019 | Substance use | Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz & Kerman | Mixed-methods | Quantitative: 2,034 Qualitative: 8 | the same |
25 | Noori [38] | 2016 | Drugs & HIV | Tehran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 81 | the same |
26 | Khosravi [39] | 2018 | HIV | Karaj | Quantitative, randomized controlled trial | 61 | the same |
27 | Jahanbakhsh [40] | 2013 | Drugs & HIV | Tehran, Shiraz & Kermanshah | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 10 | the same |
28 | Jabbari [41] | 2011 | HIV | Tehran | Quantitative, survey | 477 | the same |
29 | Norouzinejad [42] | 2016 | Malaria | Iran | Epidemiological | - | - |
30 | Youssefi [43] | 2011 | Malaria | Sarbaz | Quantitative, survey | 1,464 | 49 |
31 | Jimma [44] | 2017 | TB | Iran & its neighbors | Systematic review & meta-analysis | - | - |
32 | Rahmanian [45] | 2016 | TB | Jahrom | Quantitative, descriptive-analytical | 114 | 36 |
33 | Nasiri [46] | 2014 | TB | Iran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 4,950 | 179 |
34 | Ramazanzadeh [47] | 2009 | TB | Iran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 523 | 185 |
35 | Farnia [48] | 2008 | TB | Tehran | Quantitative, survey | 258 | 59 |
36 | Velayati [49] | 2006 | TB | Tehran | Quantitative, survey | 1,742 | 668 |
37 | Ramazanzadeh [50] | 2006 | TB | Iran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 345 | 87 |
38 | Kadivar [51] | 2007 | TB | Fars | Epidemiological | 1,026 | 371 |
39 | Farnia [52] | 2006 | TB | Tehran | Quantitative, survey | 1,074 | 668 |
40 | Moghani [53] | 2010 | Kidney transplantation | Iran | Report | 103 | the same |
41 | Otoukesh [54] | 2014 | Kidney diseases | Iran | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 23,167 | the same |
42 | Otoukesh [55] | 2015 | Cancer diseases | Iran | Literature review | 23,167 | the same |
43 | Etemadifar [56] | 2017 | MS | Isfahan | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 4,536 | 6 |
Iran: mental health | |||||||
44 | Sadeghi [57] | 2016 | Social support | Savojbolagh | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 400 | the same |
45 | Dadfar [58] | 2015 | Mental disorders | Tehran | Quantitative, survey | 453 | the same |
46 | Kalantari [59] | 2012 | Traumatic grief symptoms | Qom | Quantitative, case–control | 29 cases 32 controls | the same |
47 | Mohammadian [60] | 2005 | Mental disorders | Tehran | Quantitative, survey | 453 | the same |
48 | Motamedi [61] | 2003 | Depression | Kerman | Quantitative, survey | 300 | the same |
49 | Kalafi [62] | 2002 | Mental disorders | Shiraz | Quantitative, survey | 81 | the same |
Iran: healthcare access & use | |||||||
50 | Takbiri [63] | 2020 | Primary Health Care (PHC) | Tehran | Qualitative, interviews | 25 | the same |
51 | Azizi [64] | 2019 | PHC | Saveh | Qualitative, interviews | 18 | the same |
52 | Amiri [65] | 2019 | Health-seeking behavior | Mashhad | Qualitative, ethnographic | 14 | the same |
53 | Mohammmadi [66] | 2017 | Inequitable care | Tehran | Qualitative, interviews | 15 | the same |
54 | Riahi [67] | 2016 | Health information needs | Iran | Quantitative, survey | 483 | 316 |
55 | Heydari [68] | 2016 | Health service delivery | Mashhad | Qualitative, interviews | 19 | the same |
56 | Roshan-Pajouh [69] | 2014 | HIV prevention | Mashhad & Varamin | Qualitative, assessment | - | - |
57 | Dehghan [70] | 2013 | Immunization coverage | Kerman | Quantitative, cross-sectional | - | - |
Iran: multi aspects of health | |||||||
58 | Roozbeh [71] | 2018 | Health status | Iran | Systematic review | - | - |
59 | Hosseini Divkolaye [72] | 2017 | Health challenges | Iran | Systematic review | - | - |
60 | Shamsi Gooshki [73] | 2016 | Health & social justice | Iran | Systematic review | - | - |
Germany: physical health | |||||||
61 | Begemann [74] | 2020 | Environmental risk | Various districts | Quantitative, survey | 133 | 27 |
62 | Goodman [75] | 2018 | Health needs | Saxony | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 2,753 | 402 |
63 | Haesler [76] | 2018 | Antibiotic resistance | Neumünster | Quantitative, case–control | 506 cases 100 controls | 95 |
64 | Reinheimer [77] | 2017 | Multidrug-resistant organisms | Frankfurt | Quantitative, screening | 117 | 30 |
65 | Reinheimer [78] | 2016 | Multidrug-resistant organisms | Frankfurt | Quantitative, screening | 143 | 29 |
66 | Wollina [79] | 2016 | Dermatologic challenges | Dresden | Quantitative, cross-sectional | 1,100 | 165 |
67 | Diel [80] | 2004 | TB | Hamburg | Epidemiological | 12,751 | 6,206 |
Germany: mental health | |||||||
68 | Mobashery [81] | 2020 | Depression | Berlin & Hamburg | Qualitative, interviews | 100 | 50 |
69 | Croissant [82] | 2020 | Endocannabinoid concentrations & mental health | Leipzig | Quantitative, survey | 93 | 53 |
70 | Mueller [83] | 2019 | Stress | Bavaria | Quantitative, survey | 98 | 53 |
71 | Walther [84] | 2019 | Psychological distress | Germany | Quantitative, survey | 2,639 | 323 |
Germany: healthcare access & use | |||||||
72 | Borgschulte [85] | 2018 | Healthcare provision | Cologne | Mixed-methods (administrative data + interview) | Qualitative: 16 | the same |
73 | Bauhoff [86] | 2018 | Utilizations & costs of care | SchleswigHolstein & North Rhine-Westphalia | Report | 3,639 | 669 |
Germany: multi aspects of health | |||||||
74 | Biddle [87] | 2019 | Health monitoring | Baden-Wuerttemberg | Quantitative, survey | 412 | 80 |
75 | Marquardt [88] | 2016 | Health status and disease burden | Bielefeld | Quantitative, survey | 102 | 19 |