Trajectories of socioeconomic inequality in early child development: a cohort analysis

Table 2 Socioeconomic inequalities in language skills, ages 1 – 4 years

	Age 1 year		Age 1.5 years		Age 2 years		Age 3 years		Age 4 years		Diff. between ages 1 and 4 years
	B (95%CI)	p	B (95%CI)	p	B (95%CI)	p	B (95%CI)	p	B (95%CI)	p	B (95%CI)	p
Language skills
Girls
High SEP	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Middle SEP	0.29 (0.20;0.38)	<.001	0.02 (−0.07;0.12)	.673	− 0.05 (− 0.15;0.05)	.297	− 0.13 (− 0.24;-0.03)	.015	− 0.22 (− 0.32;-0.11)	<.001	− 0.51 (− 0.64;-0.38)	<.001
Low SEP	0.50 (0.36;0.64)	<.001	− 0.05 (− 0.20;0.10)	.539	− 0.24 (− 0.42;-0.06)	.009	−0.22 (− 0.41;-0.30)	.023	− 0.38 (− 0.61;-0.15)	<.001	− 0.88 (− 1.13;0.63)	<.001
Boys
High SEP	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Middle SEP	0.33 (0.24;0.42)	<.001	−0.13 (− 0.23;-0.03)	.011	−0.25 (− 0.35;-0.15)	<.001	− 0.24 (− 0.35;-0.13)	<.001	− 0.28 (− 0.40;-0.17)	<.001	−0.61 (− 0.75;0.47)	<.001
Low SEP	0.49 (0.34;0.64)	<.001	0.05 (− 0.09;0.19)	.493	− 0.35 (− 0.51;-0.18)	<.001	− 0.33 (− 0.51;0.15)	<.001	− 0.26 (− 0.45;-0.07)	.006	− 0.75 (− 0.98;-0.53)	<.001
Difference girls-boys ()*
High SEP	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Middle SEP	0.04 (−0.09;0.17)	.585	− 0.15 (− 0.29;-0.01)	.033	− 0.20 (− 0.34;-0.06)	.006	−0.11 (− 0.26;0.05)	.167	−0.07 (− 0.22;0.09)	.417	−0.10 (− 0.29;0.09)	.288
Low SEP	−0.01 (− 0.21;0.20)	.944	0.10 (− 0.11;0.31)	.359	−0.11 (− 0.34;0.13)	.380	− 0.11 (− 0.37;0.15)	.421	0.12 (− 0.18;0.42)	.424	0.13 (− 0.20;0.46)	.451

Note:The betas give the difference in language skills between socioeconomic groups at each age. Difference are expressed in number of standard deviations. For example, a B of − 0.4 for low SEP at age 4 years means that, at this age, language skills of children of mothers with low education are 0.4 standard deviation lower than the language skills of children of mothers with a high education
(*) This gives the difference between boys and girls in the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality in the outcome, for each age

ISSN: 1475-9276