The cumulation of ill health and low agency in socially excluded city dwellers in the Netherlands: how to better identify high-risk/high-need population segments with public health survey data

Table 3 Prevalence of social exclusion and other social factors by city (weighted percentages^a)

	Amsterdam	Rotterdam	The Hague	Utrecht	TOTAL
Social Exclusion
SEI-HS index
Moderate to strong	8.1	12.0	13.8	7.1	10.3
Some or no	91.9	88.0	86.2	92.9	89.7
Social Risk Factors
Educational level (self-reported) ^b
Low	7.4	11.9	9.5	6.9	9.0
Not low	92.6	88.1	90.5	93.1	91.0
Standardised annual household income^c
Low: < 16,100 euro	26.0	25.4	22.1	23.8	24.7
Not low	74.0	74.6	77.9	76.2	75.3
Labour market position
Low: unemployed, disabled, on social assistance	12.8	16.7	15.5	10.3	14.1
Not low	87.2	83.3	84.5	89.7	85.9
Migration background
Native Dutch	49.5	52.3	48.7	68.7	52.9
Western migration background	18.2	12.1	17.0	11.2	15.3
Non-Western migration background	32.2	35.6	34.3	20.1	31.8

^a Sampling weights were calculated by Statistics Netherlands based on a linear model with 9 sociodemographic variables and their interaction terms [28]
^b Low: no or elementary schooling (PO); Not low: general secondary education, primary vocational education (MAVO, LBO); higher secondary education, secondary vocational training (HAVO, VWO, MBO); higher professional education and university (HBO, WO)
^c For this question, multiple answers were possible. The answers were categorised hierarchically with” > 20 h/week paid labour” first, followed by” 1–20 h/week paid labour” and” retired”. Those who checked “I am unemployed/job-seeking”, “I am disabled for work” or “I am on social assistance” and did not check one of the former three categories were classified as” unemployed, disabled, on social assistance”. The remaining respondents who checked “I am housewife/man” or “I am studying” were classified as “housewife/man or student”. Those considered “unemployed, disabled, on social assistance” were subsequently classified as low, and the remaining categories were classified as not low

ISSN: 1475-9276