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Table 1 Socio-demographic, labour market marginalisation and clinical factors among the study populationa

From: Trajectories of antidepressant use before and after a suicide attempt among refugees and Swedish-born individuals: a cohort study

Characteristics

Swedish-born

n (column %)

Refugees

n (column %)

Socio-demographic factorsb

 Sex

  Women

27,958 (47.4)

1573 (45.0)

  Men

30,992 (52.6)

1919 (55.0)

 Age (years)

  20–24

13,351 (22.6)

580 (16.6)

  25–34

14,134 (24.0)

1028 (29.4)

  35–44

11,278 (19.1)

865 (24.8)

  45–54

11,548 (19.6)

714 (20.4)

  55–64

8639 (14.7)

305 (8.7)

 Educational level (years)

  Compulsory school (0–9)

15,226 (25.8)

1221 (35.0)

  High school (10–12)

31,830 (54.0)

1358 (38.9)

  College or university (> 12)

11,295 (19.2)

808 (23.1)

  Missing

599 (1.0)

105 (3.0)

 Family situation

  Married/cohabiting without children living at home

6200 (10.5)

366 (10.5)

  Married/cohabiting with children living at home

9544 (16.2)

948 (27.1)

  Single/divorced/separated/widowed without children living at home

39,533 (67.1)

1860 (53.3)

  Single/divorced/separated/widowed with children living at home

3673 (6.2)

318 (9.1)

 Type of residential areac

  Big cities

18,680 (31.7)

1705 (48.8)

  Medium-sized cities

21,395 (36.3)

1173 (33.6)

  Small cities/villages

18,875 (32.0)

614 (17.6)

Labour market marginalisation factorsb, d

 Unemployed, 1–180 days

9486 (16.1)

770 (22.1)

 Unemployed, > 180 days

2015 (3.4)

326 (9.3)

 Sickness absence, 1–90 net days

5955 (10.1)

242 (6.9)

 Sickness absence, > 90 net days

5267 (8.9)

240 (6.9)

 Disability pension

11,332 (19.2)

437 (12.5)

Clinical factors

 History of any suicide attempte

3868 (6.6)

100 (2.9)

 Method of index attempt (ICD-10 codef)

  Self-poisoning (X60–69, Y10–19)

28,365 (48.1)

1793 (51.3)

  Self-injury (X70–84, Y20–34)

9336 (51.9)

1699 (48.7)

 Mental disorderg at index attempt (ICD-10 codef)

  Depressive disorders (F32-F34)

3164 (5.4)

249 (7.1)

  Bipolar disorders (F30-F31)

815 (1.4)

15 (0.4)

  Anxiety disorders (F38-F48 except F43.1)

2771 (4.7)

169 (4.8)

  Post-traumatic stress disorder (F43.1)

81 (0.1)

40 (1.1)

  Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorder (F20-F29)

557 (0.9)

46 (1.3)

  Other mental disorders (F01-F19, F50-F99)

8260 (14.0)

237 (6.8)

  History of specialised healthcare use due to somatic diagnosesh

44,948 (76.2)

2658 (76.1)

 Use of psychotropic drug(s)i except antidepressants

  Neuroleptic drug(s) (N05A)j

8634 (14.6)

466 (13.3)

  Anxiolytic drug(s) (N05B)j

18,105 (30.7)

751 (21.5)

  Hypnotic and sedative drug(s) (N05C)j

20,183 (34.2)

997 (28.6)

 Use of antidepressantsi (N06A)j

25,525 (43.3)

1393 (39.9)

 Index attempts

  From inpatient healthcare

27,122 (46.0)

1635 (46.8)

  From specialised outpatient healthcare

31,828 (54.0)

1857 (53.2)

  1. Differences between the Swedish-born individuals and refugees regarding all socio-demographic, labour market marginalisation and clinical factors were statistically significant based on χ2 tests (p < 0.05)
  2. aStudy population: 58,950 Swedish-born and 3492 refugees, aged 20–64 years and residing in Sweden who sought inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare due to a suicide attempt (index attempt) in between 2009 and 2015 in Sweden
  3. bAll socio-demographic and labour market marginalisation factors were measured during the year before index attempt except sex and age which were measured at the index attempt
  4. cType of residential area: big cities - Stockholm, Gothenburg and, Malmö; medium-sized cities - cities with more than 90,000 inhabitants within 30 km distance from the centre of the city; small cities/villages
  5. d‘No unemployment’, ‘No sickness absence’ and ‘No disability pension’ categories are not presented
  6. eMeasured as any inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare due to suicide attempt during the 3 years before index attempt
  7. fInternational Classification of Diseases version 10 code
  8. gAs main or side diagnosis in specialised healthcare. ‘No diagnosed mental disorder’ category is not presented
  9. hMeasured as any inpatient or specialised outpatient healthcare due to any somatic diagnosis (any ICD-10 code except ‘F’, ‘O’, ‘P’ and ‘Q’ codes) during the 3 years before index attempt. ‘No history of specialised healthcare use due to somatic diagnoses’ category is not presented
  10. iMeasured during the year before index attempt. ‘No neuroleptic drug use’, ‘No anxiolytic drug use’, ‘No hypnotic and sedative drug use’ and ‘No antidepressant drug use’ categories are not presented
  11. jAnatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system code
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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