Table 2 List of variables tested in the development of the income assessment framework

Dependent variable

• Disposable per capita income

Independent variables

Demographic characteristics

• Household size

• Whether there is no male/female in a household

• Sex, age and ethnicity of the household head

• Whether the household head has a spouse

• Number of household members who received college-level or higher education

• Number of household members who received high-school-level or higher education

• Number of literate household members

• Number of household members who currently go to private school

• Number of household members who are currently receiving private lessons

• Total payment for household members’ education in the past year

• Number of household members who speak French/English/Chinese

Geographic characteristics

• Urban or Rural (Primary Sampling Unit basis) residence

• Provincial/district/commune/village code

Housing

• Materials used for the dwelling roof/wall/floor

• Source of light/drinking water

• Type of toilet facility/cooking fuel

• Whether/how the household treated drinking water in the past month

• Water/sewage/garbage/electricity/gas bill

Property

• The number/price of the household’s buildings

• Whether the household rents out buildings

• Rent value of the household’s buildings

• Whether the household renovated buildings

• Number of households sharing the dwelling

• Area size of the dwelling

• Number of rooms in the dwelling

• Rent that the household paid in the past month

• Amount that the household paid for maintenance of the own buildings

• Whether the household owns the dwelling

• Whether the household owns or operates a pond

• Number of ponds the household owns

• Total area size/price/monthly rent value of the household’s ponds

• Number of land plots that the household owns or operats

• Total area size/total value of the household’s lands

• Whether the household owned or operated land for farming in the past year

• Number of wet-season/dry-season land plots that the household owns

• Number of land plots that the household grows rice/non-rice crops/permanent crops

• Whether the household can add water to land in the wet/dry season

Liability

• Whether the household has an outstanding loan

• Number/total amount of the household’s outstanding loans

• Whether the household sold land in the past year

Livestock

• Whether a household member raised livestock in the past year

• Number/value of cattle/buffaloes/pigs/chicken/duck/ that the household has

• Whether a household member raised/caught fish in the past year

Economic Activities

• Number of income-earners in the household

• Total number of household members working in foreign countries

• Whether a household member grew/stored/sold crops in the last season

• Total crops that the household produced in the last season

• Whether a household member ran a business or enterprise in the past year

• Total household members employed by the government/enterprise/household sector/aid organization, etc.

• Total household members who are employers/employees/self-employed, etc.

• Total household members who are technicians/professionals/managers/service and sales workers/skilled agricultural workers/craft workers/plant operators/technicians, etc.

Durable Goods

• Whether the household has an AC/ bed/ bicycle/ bulldozer/ cabinet/ camera/ car/ cart/ cell phone/ computer/ dining set/ dish washer/ electric fan/ electronic iron/ freezer/ gas kitchen/ generator/ hand tractor/ harrow/ motorcycle/ motor boat/ music instrument/ phone/ plough/ printer/ pump/ radio/ refrigerator/ rice mill/ rowing boat/ satellite/ sewing machine/ sofa set/ sport good/ stereo/ threshing machine/ tractor/ TV/ vacuum/ video/washing machine

• Number of the above durable goods that the household owns