Table 1 Background characteristics of mothers and bivariate association between covariates and CS, Guatemala 2014–2015
Characteristics | Number of deliveries n = 12426 | Percentage of deliveries | Prevalence of CS (%) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at birth (years) | ||||
< 19 | 1853 | 14.9 | 24.2 | < 0.001 |
20–29 | 7294 | 58.7 | 27.9 | |
30–39 | 2926 | 23.6 | 24.9 | |
40+ | 353 | 2.8 | 15.7 | |
Ethnicity | ||||
Nonindigenous | 6371 | 51.3 | 35.5 | < 0.001 |
Indigenous | 6051 | 48.7 | 17.9 | |
Missing | 4 | 0.0 | ||
Maternal education | ||||
No education | 2291 | 18.4 | 10.9 | < 0.001 |
Primary | 6573 | 52.9 | 21.2 | |
Secondary | 3077 | 24.8 | 43.0 | |
Higher | 485 | 3.9 | 66.7 | |
Wealth index quintile | ||||
Poorest | 3394 | 27.3 | 10.2 | < 0.001 |
Poorer | 2857 | 23.0 | 17.4 | |
Middle | 2472 | 19.9 | 26.2 | |
Richer | 2142 | 17.2 | 42.0 | |
Richest | 1561 | 12.6 | 52.7 | |
Residence | ||||
Rural | 8158 | 65.7 | 19.9 | < 0.001 |
Urban | 4268 | 34.4 | 37.9 | |
Prenatal visits | ||||
< 4 | 1861 | 15.0 | 27.5 | < 0.001 |
4 or more | 10560 | 85.0 | 19.6 | |
Missing | 5 | 0.0 | ||
Place of birth | ||||
Public | 6187 | 49.8 | 34.1 | < 0.001 |
Private | 4241 | 34.1 | 58.1 | |
Home | 1940 | 15.6 | 0 | |
Missing | 58 | 0.5 | ||
Skilled birth attendant | ||||
No | 4301 | 34.6 | 0 | |
Yes | 8125 | 65.4 | 40.3 | |
Multiple births | ||||
No | 12209 | 98.3 | 25.8 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 217 | 1.8 | 61.3 | |
Birth order | ||||
1 | 3972 | 32.0 | 36.1 | < 0.001 |
2–3 | 5011 | 40.3 | 28.9 | |
4+ | 3443 | 27.7 | 11.6 | |
Previous cesarean section for the last reported birthn = 2597 | ||||
No | 2121 | 81.7 | 7.6 | < 0.001 |
Yes | 476 | 18.3 | 89.3 | |