Wealth-based equity in maternal, neonatal, and child health services utilization: a cross-sectional study from Ethiopia

Table 2 Wealth-based inequities in utilization of selected maternal and child health services

Type of child health services	No of subjects	Overall utilization	Q1 utilization	Q5 utilization	Difference (Q5-Q1; % points)	Slope index of inequity /SII (% points)			Ratio (Q5: Q1)	Concentration index/CIX (X100)
Type of child health services	n	%	%	%	%	%	SE	P	value	%	SE	P
Maternal health services
Antenatal care (4 or more visits)	714	30	20	44	24	22.0	5.8	< 0.001	2.2	13.2	3.3	< 0.001
Skilled birth attendance	714	48	29	71	42	46.0	5.4	< 0.001	2.5	17.5	2.1	< 0.001
Postnatal care (within two days)	714	12	8	18	10	9.0	4.2	0 .042	2.2	14.1	6.0	0.020
Child health services
BCG immunization	567	66	69	65	−4	−9.5	6.8	0.163	0.94	−2.4	1.7	0.170
Polio 3 immunization	567	64	66	63	−3	−6.1	6.9	0.380	0.95	−1.8	1.8	0.338
Pentavalent 3 immunization	567	54	56	57	−1	− 1.7	7.2	0.810	1.02	−0.3	2.2	0.911
Measles immunization	567	61	60	57	−3	−7.0	7.2	0.326	0.95	−2.1	1.9	0.286
Full immunization	567	41	42	44	−2	−5.0	7.2	0.488	1.05	−1.8	3.0	0.548
Vitamin A supplementation	924	57	60	57	−3	− 5.1	5.6	0.361	0.95	−0.7	1.6	0.662

Immunization coverage was computed for children aged 12–23 months and vitamin A supplementation for 6–23 months old. CIX- concentration index, SII-slope index of inequity. SE-standard error, Q1-wealth quintile 1 (20% poorest), Q5-wealth quintile 5 (20% better-off), 95%CI- 95% confidence interval. “Difference” (Q5-Q1) is a measure of an absolute difference in utilization of the services between the better-off (Q5) and poorest (Q1); “Ratio” is a measure of relative inequity of Q5 divided by Q1. The SII is an estimate of absolute inequity that takes the whole population into account and interpreted as the percentage point difference. The CIX is an estimate of relative inequity which takes the whole population into account. For all equity indices, the results are presented in percentages.

ISSN: 1475-9276