Underpinnings of entangled ethnical and gender inequalities in obesity in Cochabamba-Bolivia: an intersectional approach

Mamani Ortiz, Yercin; Gustafsson, Per E.; San Sebastián Chasco, Miguel; Armaza Céspedes, Ada Ximena; Luizaga López, Jenny Marcela; Illanes Velarde, Daniel Elving; Mosquera Méndez, Paola A.

doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1062-7

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition of the gap in the prevalence of abdominal obesity comparing advantaged and disadvantaged groups

From: Underpinnings of entangled ethnical and gender inequalities in obesity in Cochabamba-Bolivia: an intersectional approach

	Joint disparity			Gender referent disparity			ethnic referent disparity
	Mestizo Men (group 1)			Mestizo Men (group 1)			Mestizo Men (group 1)
	Indigenous Women (group 2)			Mestizo Women (group 2)			Indigenous Men (group 2)
Model estimates	Coefficient	p	%	Coefficient	p	%	Coefficient	p	%
AO (group 1)	0.35	< 0.01	35.01	0.35	< 0.01	35.01	0.35	< 0.01	35.01
AO mean (group 2)	0.277	< 0.01	27.75	0.307	< 0.01	30.71	0.258	< 0.01	25.83
Difference	0.073	< 0.01	7.26	0.043	0.04	4.3	0.092	< 0.01	9.18
Explained fraction	0.037	0.01	51.08	0.036	0.02	83.65	0.011	0.32	11.72
Unexplained fraction	0.036	0.08	48.92	0.007	0.76	16.35	0.081	< 0.01	88.28
Factor contributions
Sociodemographic factors
Age group
30–44	− 0.004	0.39	−9.49	0.001	0.82	2.46	−0.001	0.84	−13.62
45–59	0.008	0.11	20.7	0.01	0.06	27.00	−0.009	0.43	−81.01
≥ 60	−0.011	< 0.01	−29.7	0.012	< 0.01	34.48	−0.047	0.21	− 438.85
			−18.49			63.94			− 533.49
Residence
Southern cone	−0.005	0.07	−14.5	0	0.63	−0.71	−0.009	0.29	−80.70
Central Valley	0.024	< 0.01	65.42	−0.002	0.53	−4.86	0.009	0.47	83.05
Tropic	0.002	0.55	4.86	0.001	0.55	2.53	−0.001	0.89	−4.68
High Valley	−0.002	0.39	−6.4	0.005	0.34	13.20	−0.003	0.55	−26.30
			49.38			10.16			−28.64
Marital Status
Currently married Cohabitate	−0.004	0.10	−11.93	−0.002	0.22	−6.59	− 0.005	0.45	−46.43
Widowed or Separated	−0.002	0.23	−6.44	−0.002	0.23	−4.99	−0.003	0.34	−31.63
			−18.37			− 11.58			−78.05
Subtotal contribution of sociodemographic factors			12.52			62.52			− 640.18
Socioeconomic factors
Education Level
No formal schooling	0.006	0.25	16.83	0.002	0.16	6.79	0.028	0.15	264.22
Primary school	−0.005	0.57	−12.42	0	0.82	0.76	0.027	0.19	248.77
Secondary school	−0.002	0.77	−5.23	0	0.62	−1.31	−0.011	0.29	−98.81
			−0.81			6.25			414.18
Job status
Self-employed	0.044	< 0.01	119.54	0.036	< 0.01	100.07	−0.036	0.27	− 337.47
Employed	0.019	0.04	50.33	0.009	0.09	25.08	0.017	0.32	153.76
Homemaker	−0.073	0.01	− 197.88	− 0.066	< 0.01	− 183.66	0	0.96	0.39
Retired	0.005	0.04	14.74	0.004	0.14	10.07	0	0.94	1.01
Unemployed	0.001	0.28	3.74	0.001	0.31	3.99	0.001	0.61	8.02
			−9.52			−44.46			− 174.28
Monthly household income
Less than a NMW	0.014	0.05	37.04	0.002	0.42	5.2	0.021	0.21	195.37
Between 2 to 4 NMW	−0.001	0.63	−3.35	0	0.83	−0.23	−0.003	0.42	−24.2
			33.69			4.97			171.17
Health Insurance	0	0.86	−0.32	0	0.62	0.76	0	0.94	0.17
Subtotal contribution of sociodemographic factors			23.04			−32.48			411.24
Behavioral risk factors
Smoking	0.012	0.07	33.69	0.007	0.26	19.60	−0.002	0.51	−14.39
Alcohol consumption	0.017	< 0.01	45.95	0.025	< 0.01	70.30	0.004	0.24	36.64
Low Fruit and Vegetables intake	0.004	0.03	9.58	0	0.95	0.05	0.006	0.23	58.54
Physical activity
Low	−0.003	0.07	−8.44	−0.003	0.33	−7.44	0.024	0.17	220.85
Moderate	−0.006	0.001	−16.34	−0.005	0.24	−12.54	0.003	0.39	27.31
			−24.78			−19.98			248.16
Subtotal contribution of sociodemographic factors			64.44			69.97			328.95

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