HIV prevalence in South Africa through gender and racial lenses: results from the 2012 population-based national household survey

Mabaso, M.; Makola, L.; Naidoo, I.; Mlangeni, L. L.; Jooste, S.; Simbayi, L.

doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1055-6

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 2 HIV prevalence and HIV related risk factors stratified by gender and race

From: HIV prevalence in South Africa through gender and racial lenses: results from the 2012 population-based national household survey

Variables	Males								Females
	Black African				Other races^a				Black African				Other races^a
	n	HIV %	95% CI	p-value	n	HIV %	95% CI	p-value	n	HIV %	95% CI	p-value	n	HIV %	95% CI	p-value
Total	5202	16.6	15.0–18.4		734	0.2	0.0–1.4		7348	24.1	22.4–26.0		873	0.5	0.1–1.7
Age at sexual debut
Younger than 15	393	14.3	10.2–19.7	0.096	26	5.1	0.7–29.8	0.489	229	26	18.3–35.6	0.801	11	0		0.034
15+ years	3318	18.9	17.0–21.1		568	0	0.0–0.1		5498	27.2	24.9–29.5		746	0.6	0.2–2.0
Sexual partners in the last 12 month
1 partner	2575	20.3	18.0–22.9	0.214	474	0.3	0.0–2.0	0.867	3822	28	25.3–30.8	0.210	546	0.8	0.2–2.7	0.311
2+ partner	663	16.9	12.9–21.8		23	0			211	34.5	25.3–45.0		17	0
Age disparate partnerships
5 years+ older	88	22.7	12.3–38.2	0.208	31	0.2	0.0–1.3	0.090	1694	29.4	25.6–33.5	0.001	165	1.6	0.3–7.4	0.035
5 years + younger	1163	21.4	18.1–25.2		132	1	0.2–6.4		98	51.8	38.1–65.3		26	0.4	0.1–3.0
Within 5 years older or younger	1965	17.5	14.9–20.4		334	0			2239	26.3	23.4–29.4		373	0.3	0.0–2.3
Condom use last sex act
No	1806	16.2	13.6–19.1	0.002	411	0		0.002	2445	21.4	18.6–24.5	< 0.001	507	0.5	0.1–3.3	< 0.001
Yes	1363	23.4	20.1–27.1		68	1.9	0.3–11.4		1523	39.1	34.9–43.5		49	2.9	0.7–11.3
Alcohol use risk score^b
Abstainers	2894	16.2	13.4–19.3	0.610	214	0.9	0.1–5.4	0.040	6070	24.2	22.3–26.1	0.768	402	1.1	0.3–3.7	< 0.001
Low risk drinkers (1–7)	1315	16	13.0–19.7		397	0	0.0–0.1		537	24.7	18.7–31.8		345	0	0.0–0.1
High risk drinkers (8–19)	353	21	14.6–29.3		31	0			88	19.6	10.5–33.6		7	0
Hazardous drinkers 20+)	22	14.8	4.0–41.9		0	0			3	0			1	0
HIV risk perception
No	1310	27.4	24.0–31.1	< 0.001	16	1.3	0.3–6.1	< 0.001	2275	39.1	35.5–42.8	< 0.001	14	8.4	1.3–39.7	< 0.001
Yes	3810	12.1	10.1–14.5		701	0.2	0.0–1.6		4927	16.7	14.8–18.7		844	0.4	0.1–1.7
Ever test for HIV
No	2376	11.8	9.1–15.2	< 0.001	232	0		0.044	2127	11.6	9.5–14.2	< 0.001	353	0.7	0.1–4.5	0.005
Yes	2767	20.3	18.0–22.7		488	0.3	0.1–2.1		5136	28.5	26.2–30.9		507	0.4	0.1–1.5
Awareness of HIV status
No	3259	16.4	14.1–19.1	0.846	533	0	0.0–0.1	0.165	3775	22.3	20.3–24.5	0.015	698	0.6	0.2–2.1	0.108
Yes	1838	16.8	14.3–19.6		177	0.8	0.1–5.5		3388	26	23.5–28.7		161	0

^aOther races include White, Coloured and Indians/Asians, ^bAlcohol risk score based on a questionnaire for Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)

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