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Table 3 Characteristics of studies that met inclusion criteria, observations

From: Leaving no one behind? Social inclusion of health insurance in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Type of scheme*

No of obser-vations**

Vulnerable groups reported***

Quality

Study design****

Data about impact

Female headed households

Older adults

Ethnic minorities

Displaced populations

Chronically ill

Disabled

Low

Medium

High

Exp

Obs

Qual

Enrolment

Utilization

Financial protection

Health outcomes

Quality of care

SHI

 Africa

4

 

4

  

2

 

2

4

  

4

 

4

1

1

 

1

 Asia

18

 

3

2

2

11

2

8

16

2

2

15

2

8

8

12

2

1

 South America

6

 

1

  

5

2

 

4

  

4

 

4

6

3

  

 Total

28

                 

PHI

 Africa

1

     

1

 

1

  

1

  

1

   

 Asia

0

                 

 South America

3

 

1

  

2

  

3

  

3

 

1

3

 

1

1

 Total

4

                 

CBHI

 Africa

6

4

3

  

3

2

 

6

  

5

1

6

3

   

 Asia

3

  

1

 

3

1

 

1

2

3

  

3

2

1

  

 South America

0

                 

 Total

9

                 

Mixed

 Africa

1

1

   

1

  

1

  

1

 

1

    

 Asia

4

1

2

  

2

1

 

3

1

1

3

 

4

1

1

  

 South America

2

 

2

  

2

  

2

  

2

 

1

2

   

 Multi continent

3

 

1

  

3

  

2

1

1

2

 

1

1

2

 

1

 Total

10

                 

 Total

51

6

17

3

2

34

9

10

44

7

7

41

3

33

28

20

3

4

  1. *SHI Social health insurance, PHI Private Health Insurance, CBHI Community Based Health Insurance
  2. **One study can report about more than one scheme, total studies included is 44
  3. ***One study can report about more than one vulnerable group. No studies were retrieved and selected that provide data regarding youth and children with special needs, the 7th and 8th group
  4. ****Exp (quasi) experimental design, Obs observational study, Qual qualitative design. No randomized controlled trial was included
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International Journal for Equity in Health

ISSN: 1475-9276

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