What drives us apart? Decomposing intersectional inequalities in cigarette smoking by education and sexual orientation among U.S. adults

Amroussia, Nada; Pearson, Jennifer L.; Gustafsson, Per E.

doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1015-1

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Summary of Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analyses of joint inequality, referent socioeconomic inequality, and referent sexual orientation inequality in current cigarette smoking

From: What drives us apart? Decomposing intersectional inequalities in cigarette smoking by education and sexual orientation among U.S. adults

	Joint inequality: low-educated LGBQ adults (group1) vs. high –educated heterosexual adults (group2)			Referent socio-economic inequality: low-educated heterosexual adults (group1) vs. high-educated heterosexual adults (group2)			Referent sexual orientation inequality: high-educated LGBQ adults (group1) vs. high-educated heterosexual adults (group2)
	Absolute	Relative	P value	Absolute	Relative	P value	Absolute	Relative	P value
Group1	24.21		< 0.001	29.85		< 0.001	27.53		< 0.001
Group2	17.30		< 0.001	17.30		< 0.001	17.30		< 0.001
Difference	6.90		0.015	12.55		< 0.001	10.23		< 0.001
Explained	7.00	101.4	< 0.001	7.80	62.1	< 0.001	8.21	80.2	< 0.001
unexplained	−0.10	−1.4	0.946	4.75	37.9	< 0.001	2.02	19.8	0.025
Contributions
Socio-demographic factors	−3.90	−55.7		−4.08	−52.3		0.93	11.3
Gender	−0.45	−6.4	0.08	0.31	4.0	0.007	−0.53	−6.4	0.001
Age	0.77	11.1	0.02	−0.74	−9.5	< 0.001	0.59	7.2	0.022
Race/ethnicity	−5.03	−71.9	< 0.001	−4.59	−58.9	< 0.001	−0.80	−9.7	0.001
Marital status	0.81	11.6	0.008	0.94	12.0	< 0.001	1.66	20.3	< 0.001
Material conditions	9.86	140.9		10.01	128.4		4.91	59.8
Annual household income	4.36	62.3	< 0.001	5.03	64.6	< 0.001	1.75	21.3	< 0.001
Employment status	−0.75	−10.8	0.003	−1.04	−13.4	< 0.001	−0.16	−2.0	0.168
Receiving assistance	0.56	7.9	0.012	0.78	10.0	< 0.001	0.28	3.5	0.004
Housing	2.28	32.6	< 0.001	1.77	22.7	< 0.001	1.85	22.5	< 0.001
Health insurance	3.42	48.8	< 0.001	3.47	44.4	< 0.001	1.19	14.5	< 0.001
Marketing-related variables	−1.09	−15.5		−0.37	−4.7		1.15	14.0
Exposure to contextual-level targeting advertisement	0.00	−0.1	0.89	0.00	0.0	0.906	−0.01	−0.1	0.79
Exposure to targeted tobacco marketing	−0.64	−9.2	0.016	−0.29	−3.7	0.189	0.93	11.3	0.004
Exposure to media advertisement	−0.44	−6.2	0.094	−0.08	−1.0	0.501	0.23	2.8	0.076
Psychosocial factors	2.12	30.3		2.23	28.6		1.68	20.5
Perceived quality of life	1.73	24.8	0.001	1.75	22.4	< 0.001	0.98	11.9	< 0.001
Satisfaction with social relations	0.39	5.5	0.082	0.48	6.2	< 0.001	0.71	8.6	< 0.001

Bold numbers indicate absolute and relative contributions per group of variables (subtotal)

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