Table 4 Different receiving care by household income level among dependent older adults in KLoSA (N = 946)
Household income (Estimated % or LS mean) | P-value for income difference | Sig. of gender interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Middle | High | |||
Primary main caregiver, % | |||||
None (care deficit) | 41.4a | 38.7a | 29.1b | 0.015 | * |
Spouse | 32.1 | 32.1 | 32.6 | 0.992 | |
Children | 16.1 | 12.5 | 14.9 | 0.429 | * |
Other relatives, friends | 5.1a | 8.4a | 12.5b | 0.022 | |
Paid formal | 5.3 | 8.3 | 10.9 | 0.077 | |
Caregivers combinations (Main+additional), % | |||||
None (care deficit) | 41.4a | 38.7a | 29.1b | 0.015 | * |
Spouse only | 27.5 | 25.8 | 22.7 | 0.469 | |
Spouse+unpaid informal | 3.7 | 4.8 | 9.0 | 0.057 | |
Spouse+paid formal | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.652 | |
Children only | 10.8 | 8.5 | 7.8 | 0.528 | |
Children+unpaid informal | 4.5 | 2.8 | 6.8 | 0.112 | * |
Children+paid formal | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.548 | * |
Other relatives, friends only | 2.7 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 0.116 | |
Other relatives, friends+unpaid informal | 1.9 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 0.238 | |
Other relatives, friends+paid formal | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.986 | |
Paid formal caregiver only | 1.5 | 5.1 | 7.0 | 0.022 | * |
Paid formal+unpaid informal | 3.8 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 0.867 | * |
Number of caregivers (n = 626), mean | 1.36 | 1.34 | 1.52 | 0.061 | * |
Caregiving days per month (n = 626), mean | 22.00 | 22.02 | 25.35 | 0.083 | * |
Caregiving hours per day (n = 626), mean | 4.24 | 4.26 | 5.06 | 0.160 | |
Payment to caregivers (n = 626), % | 3.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 0.120 | |
Cost for caregivingc (n = 66), mean | 24.21 | 37.13 | 53.75 | 0.544 | |
Cost of own paidc (n = 66), mean | 5.42 | 17.44 | 32.34 | 0.201 | * |
Cost of family paidc (n = 66), mean | 18.80 | 19.70 | 21.41 | 0.994 | |