Table 3 Distress Financing by Selected Socio-demographic Characteristics in India, Bihar and Telangana, 2015–16
From: Out-of-pocket expenditure and distress financing on institutional delivery in India
| Â | India | Bihar | Telangana | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Distress Financing (%) | Did not pay (%) | Distress Financing (%) | Did not pay (%) | Distress Financing (%) | Did not pay (%) |
Place of Residence | ||||||
 Urban | 20.8 | 12.3 | 22.1 | 3.1 | 27.6 | 12.6 |
 Rural | 27.0 | 13.6 | 35.9 | 4.0 | 42.5 | 10.7 |
Age | ||||||
 15–24 | 26.0 | 13.6 | 33.3 | 4.0 | 36.7 | 11.1 |
 25–35 | 24.2 | 12.9 | 34.4 | 3.7 | 34.3 | 11.8 |
 35+ | 28.8 | 12.9 | 42.4 | 5.7 | 16.4 | 30.5 |
Education Level | ||||||
 Illiterate | 31.8 | 14.1 | 39.8 | 4.0 | 44.8 | 10.0 |
 Primary | 29.0 | 13.8 | 35.6 | 3.6 | 46.7 | 11.4 |
 Secondary | 25.0 | 13.4 | 30.8 | 3.1 | 35.9 | 12.1 |
 Higher | 17.3 | 11.7 | 19.9 | 4.8 | 26.5 | 12.0 |
Religion | ||||||
 Hindu | 24.9 | 13.3 | 33.5 | 3.9 | 36.3 | 11.3 |
 Muslim | 26.5 | 11.8 | 38.3 | 3.7 | 25.4 | 14.1 |
 Other | 21.1 | 14.4 | 65.9 | 0.0 | 37.2 | 11.3 |
Social Group | ||||||
 Schedule caste | 27.9 | 13.1 | 34.3 | 4.9 | 34.4 | 13.9 |
 Schedule tribe | 24.5 | 20.0 | 42.1 | 4.7 | 49.0 | 6.7 |
 OBC | 25.9 | 12.7 | 34.9 | 3.3 | 36.5 | 10.8 |
 General | 21.1 | 11.6 | 29.8 | 4.5 | 24.8 | 14.3 |
Birth Order | ||||||
 1 | 23.9 | 12.9 | 33.6 | 4.1 | 33.3 | 14.6 |
 2 | 24.2 | 13.1 | 32.0 | 3.5 | 35.4 | 9.7 |
 3 | 26.0 | 13.9 | 35.6 | 3.5 | 40.4 | 11.1 |
 4+ | 29.0 | 13.1 | 36.1 | 4.3 | 29.8 | 12.5 |
Wealth Quintile | ||||||
 Poorest | 35.1 | 12.7 | 41.8 | 4.0 | 47.3 | 9.2 |
 Poorer | 29.6 | 13.3 | 32.2 | 3.6 | 40.3 | 10.8 |
 Middle | 26.2 | 13.7 | 25.2 | 4.3 | 43.2 | 10.1 |
 Richer | 21.8 | 13.1 | 20.2 | 3.0 | 34.3 | 12.0 |
 Richest | 13.1 | 12.8 | 10.7 | 3.3 | 21.4 | 13.9 |
Source of Delivery | ||||||
 Public health facility | 23.4 | 16.5 | 34.3 | 3.6 | 27.2 | 13.9 |
 Private health facility | 27.8 | 7.0 | 33.8 | 4.5 | 39.0 | 10.5 |
Type of Delivery | ||||||
 Normal delivery | 23.1 | 14.5 | 33.8 | 3.9 | 26.7 | 12.1 |
 Caesarean delivery | 30.9 | 8.8 | 37.5 | 3.4 | 39.8 | 11.4 |
JSY Beneficiary | ||||||
 No | 25.5 | 11.2 | 35.9 | 3.5 | 36.9 | 10.4 |
 Yes | 24.2 | 15.6 | 33.0 | 3.3 | 23.6 | 16.6 |
Mean OOPE | ||||||
 Less than 1000 | 12.5 | na | 25.7 | na | 11.5 | na |
 1000–5000 | 28.4 | na | 36.4 | na | 26.5 | na |
 5000–10,000 | 30.6 | na | 37.3 | na | 39.8 | na |
 10,000–15,000 | 31.5 | na | 43.9 | na | 47.8 | na |
 15,000–20,000 | 32.6 | na | 42.2 | na | 52.9 | na |
 More than 20,000 | 34.9 | na | 44.7 | na | 46.7 | na |