Table 3 The association of combined socioeconomic status with low back pain after multiple data imputations (n = 26,037. Poisson regression analysis)
From: Socioeconomic inequalities in low back pain among older people: the JAGES cross-sectional study
Socioeconomic status | Model A | Model B | Model C | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | PR | 95% CI | |
Fixed effect parameters | ||||||
 Educational attainment, years (ref, ≥13) | ||||||
  10–12 | 1.03 | 0.98, 1.08 | – | – | 1.01 | 0.97, 1.06 |
  < 10 | 1.05 | 1.002, 1.11 | – | – | 1.02 | 0.97, 1.08 |
 Past occupation (ref, professionals) | ||||||
  White-collared workers | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.06 | – | – | 1.01 | 0.96, 1.07 |
  Blue-collared workers | 1.05 | 0.99, 1.10 | – | – | 1.03 | 0.97, 1.08 |
  Never worked before | 1.02 | 0.94, 1.11 | – | – | 1.00 | 0.92, 1.08 |
 Income, yen (ref, ≥3 million) | ||||||
  2 million–2.99 million | – | – | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.95, 1.06 |
  1 million–1.99 million | – | – | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.07 | 1.02 | 0.96, 1.08 |
  < 1 million | – | – | 1.06 | 0.99, 1.13 | 1.06 | 0.99, 1.14 |
 Subjective economic situation (ref, very comfortable) | ||||||
  Comfortable | – | – | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.11 | 1.04 | 0.97, 1.11 |
  Difficult | – | – | 1.12 | 1.04, 1.20 | 1.15 | 1.07, 1.24 |
  Very difficult | – | – | 1.17 | 1.07, 1.29 | 1.27 | 1.15, 1.39 |
 Wealth, yen (ref, ≥50 million) | ||||||
  10 million–49.99 million | – | – | 1.01 | 0.95, 1.07 | 1.00 | 0.94, 1.06 |
  5 million–9.99 million | – | – | 0.99 | 0.93, 1.07 | 0.99 | 0.92, 1.06 |
  1 million–4.99 million | – | – | 1.01 | 0.94, 1.09 | 1.00 | 0.93, 1.08 |
  < 1 million | – | – | 1.03 | 0.95, 1.12 | 0.99 | 0.95, 1.11 |
 Random parameter | ||||||
  Municipality level variance (standard error) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | 0.001 (< 0.001) | |||