Table 1 The presence of low back pain in participants by characteristic (n = 26,037)
From: Socioeconomic inequalities in low back pain among older people: the JAGES cross-sectional study
Characteristics | Total | Having low back pain | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
N | N (%) | ||
Sex | |||
 Male | 12,088 | 6892 (61.0) | <.01 |
 Female | 13,949 | 8509 (65.5) | |
Age, years | 74.02 (6.25) a | Â | Â |
 65–69 | 7220 | 4155 (60.5) | <.01 |
 70–74 | 7796 | 4479 (61.3) | |
 75–79 | 5754 | 3439 (64.8) | |
 80–84 | 3519 | 2229 (69.0) | |
  ≥ 85 | 1748 | 1099 (69.8) | |
Educational attainment, years | |||
 < 10 (junior high school; lower secondary education) | 10,847 | 6602 (66.0) | <.01 |
 10–12 (high school; upper secondary education) | 9509 | 5597 (62.4) | |
 ≥ 13 (college or university degree) | 5072 | 2866 (59.3) | |
Past occupation | |||
 Professionals | 3742 | 2179 (59.4) | <.01 |
 White-collared workers | 5305 | 3150 (60.4) | |
 Blue-collared workers | 9627 | 6010 (64.3) | |
 Never worked before | 1302 | 826 (65.5) | |
Equivalized household income, yen | |||
 < 1 million | 3119 | 2107 (70.3) | <.01 |
 1 million–1.99 million | 7735 | 4795 (63.7) | |
 2 million–2.99 million | 4819 | 2839 (60.3) | |
 ≥ 3 million | 4974 | 2863 (58.6) | |
Subjective economic situation | |||
 Very difficult | 1963 | 1378 (76.0) | <.01 |
 Difficult | 8853 | 5556 (67.2) | |
 Comfortable | 12,247 | 6871 (59.8) | |
 Very comfortable | 2286 | 1225 (56.5) | |
Wealth, yen | |||
 < 1 million | 2101 | 1428 (70.3) | <.01 |
 1 million–4.99 million | 2815 | 1800 (65.8) | |
 5 million–9.99 million | 3255 | 1971 (62.0) | |
 10 million–49.99 million | 7842 | 4693 (61.0) | |
 ≥ 50 million | 2828 | 1586 (57.2) | |
Depression | |||
 Non (GDS < 5) | 15,592 | 8578 (58.2) | <.01 |
 Mild (GDS of 5–9) | 4178 | 2834 (71.9) | |
 Severe (GDS ≥ 10) | 1485 | 1101 (79.6) | |