Skip to main content

Table 4 BPD medication expenditure coverage scenarios by income quintiles

From: Assessing the relationship between out-of-pocket spending on blood pressure and diabetes medication and household catastrophic health expenditure: evidence from Pakistan

 

Quintile 1

Quintile 2

Quintile 3

Quintile 4

Quintile 5

All

CHE incidence (%)

 Status quo

6.64 (5.37, 7.90)

7.17 (5.93, 8.40)

7.68 (6.34, 9.03)

9.09 (7.85, 10.33)

7.66 (6.51, 8.82)

7.65 (7.01, 8.29)

 Scenario 1: 100% covered

5.69 (4.46, 6.93)

5.69 (4.56, 6.83)

5.82 (4.68, 6.96)

7.11 (5.97, 8.26)

5.73 (4.72, 6.74)

6.01 (5.43, 6.59)

 Scenario 2: 50% covered

6.00 (4.74, 7.26)

6.30 (5.16, 7.45)

6.83 (5.54, 8.13)

7.92 (6.72, 9.12)

6.35 (5.31, 7.38)

6.68 (6.07, 7.29)

 Scenario 3: 25% covered

6.40 (5.14, 7.66)

6.78 (5.63, 7.93)

7.19 (5.90, 8.49)

8.56 (7.33, 9.78)

7.17 (6.04, 8.31)

7.22 (6.61, 7.84)

No. of households incurring CHE (‘000)

 Status quo

345 (275, 415)

372 (304, 441)

399 (325, 473)

477 (406, 549)

394 (330, 458)

1988 (1805, 2171)

 Scenario 1: 100% covered

296 (229, 363)

296 (235, 357)

302 (240, 365)

374 (309, 438)

295 (241, 348)

1563 (1399, 1726)

 Scenario 2: 50% covered

312 (243, 381)

328 (266, 389)

355 (284, 426)

416 (348, 484)

326 (271, 381)

1736(1565, 1908)

 Scenario 3: 25% covered

333 (263, 402)

352 (289, 416)

374 (302, 445)

449 (380, 519)

369 (307, 431)

1877 (1700, 2054)

Percentage decrease from status quo (%)

 Scenario 1: 100% covered

14.21

20.55

24.25

21.73

25.26

21.41

 Scenario 2: 50% covered

9.58

12.07

11.09

12.90

17.21

12.66

 Scenario 3: 25% covered

3.59

5.41

6.37

5.86

6.40

5.59

Reimbursement costs (Rs. Billion)

 Scenario 1: 100% covered

2.37 (1.78, 2.96)

3.64 (3.08, 4.2)

6.32 (5.1, 7.53)

8.46 (7.3, 9.63)

13.9 (12, 15.8)

34.7 (31.8, 37.7)

 Scenario 2: 50% covered

1.19 (0.891, 1.48)

1.82 (1.54, 2.1)

3.16 (2.55, 3.77)

4.23 (3.65, 4.81)

6.97 (6.02, 7.92)

17.4 (15.9, 18.8)

 Scenario 3: 25% covered

0.593 (0.445, 0.74)

0.91 (0.77, 1.05)

1.58 (1.28, 1.88)

2.12 (1.83, 2.41)

3.48 (3.01, 3.96)

8.68 (7.95, 9.41)

  1. Note: 95% confidence interval in parentheses