Assessing the community-level impact of a decade of user fee policy shifts on health facility deliveries in Kenya, 2003-2014

Obare, Francis; Abuya, Timothy; Matanda, Dennis; Bellows, Ben

doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0774-4

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 2 Results from interrupted time series analysis predicting trends in public facility deliveries following 2004, 2007, and 2013 user fee policy shifts

From: Assessing the community-level impact of a decade of user fee policy shifts on health facility deliveries in Kenya, 2003-2014

Indicator	Bottom two quintiles		Top two quintiles		Rural women		Urban women
Indicator	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-value
Pre-policy trend (β₁)	0.003 (−0.000; 0.007)	0.057	0.005 (0.002; 0.009)	*0.003*	0.001 (− 0.001; 0.004)	0.340	0.005 (0.001; 0.009)	*0.033*
2004 policy
Change in level (β₂)	−0.059 (− 0.137; 0.019)	0.136	0.001 (− 0.080; 0.082)	0.983	0.010 (− 0.057; 0.077)	0.760	− 0.042 (− 0.143; 0.059)	0.982
Change in trend (β₃)	0.003 (− 0.007; 0.013)	0.524	− 0.009 (− 0.020; 0.002)	0.091	− 0.000 (− 0.009; 0.008)	0.979	−0.001 (− 0.014; 0.013)	0.926
Predicted trend	0.007 (− 0.003; 0.016)	0.166	−0.004 (− 0.014; 0.006)	0.435	0.001 (− 0.007; 0.009)	0.762	0.004 (− 0.008; 0.016)	0.519
2007 policy
Change in level (β₂)	−0.017 (− 0.100; 0.065)	0.675	0.090 (0.004; 0.177)	*0.041*	0.017 (− 0.054; 0.088)	0.637	0.042 (− 0.066; 0.150)	0.438
Change in trend (β₃)	−0.000 (− 0.010; 0.010)	0.970	0.008 (− 0.003; 0.019)	0.139	0.003 (− 0.005; 0.012)	0.455	− 0.004 (− 0.017; 0.010)	0.586
Predicted trend	0.006 (0.003; 0.010)	*0.000*	0.004 (0.001; 0.008)	*0.026*	0.004 (0.002; 0.007)	*0.002*	0.000 (−0.004; 0.005)	0.874
2013 policy
Change in level (β₂)	0.016 (− 0.085; 0.117)	0.756	−0.001 (− 0.102; 0.099)	0.977	0.019 (− 0.072; 0.111)	0.670	0.047 (− 0.077; 0.171)	0.451
Change in trend (β₃)	−0.010 (− 0.047; 0.027)	0.589	0.017 (− 0.019; 0.053)	0.358	− 0.000 (− 0.034; 0.034)	0.988	0.019 (− 0.025; 0.063)	0.398
Predicted trend	− 0.004 (− 0.040; 0.033)	0.847	0.021 (− 0.015; 0.056)	0.249	0.004 (− 0.030; 0.038)	0.807	0.019 (− 0.025; 0.063)	0.385
Constant (β₀)	0.110 (0.062; 0.158)	*0.000*	0.344 (0.294; 0.395)	*0.000*	0.210 (0.170; 0.249)	*0.000*	0.370 (0.306; 0.433)	*0.000*
Number of observations	64		66		65		65

p-values in bold italics are statistically significant at p < 0.01 or p < 0.05

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