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Table 1 Comparability of socioeconomic characteristics and health care utilization patterns by group before and after PSM

From: Equity in patient experiences of primary care in community health centers using primary care assessment tool: a comparison of rural-to-urban migrants and urban locals in Guangdong, China

 

Before PSM (N = 1461)

After PSM (N = 440)

 

Locals N(%)

Migrants N(%)

X2 significance

Locals N(%)

Migrants N(%)

X2 significance

Sample size

715 (48.9)

746 (51.1)

 

220 (50)

220 (50)

 

Gender

  

0.158

  

0.436

 Male

263 (36.8)

311 (41.7)

 

102 (46.4)

94 (42.7)

 

 Female

451 (63.1)

434 (58.2)

 

117 (53.2)

126 (57.3)

 

Age (years)

  

P < 0.001**

  

0.063

  < 31

57 (8.0)

260 (34.9)

 

40 (18.2)

57 (25.9)

 

 31–60

348 (48.7)

449 (60.2)

 

154 (70.0)

147 (66.8)

 

  > 60

310 (43.3)

37 (5.0)

 

26 (11.8)

16 (7.3)

 

Occupation

  

P < 0.001**

  

0.501

 Employed

223 (31.2)

173 (23.2)

 

165 (75)

171 (77.7)

 

 Retired or unemployed

492 (68.8)

573 (76.8)

 

55 (25)

49 (22.3)

 

Education

  

P < 0.001**

  

0.556

 Primary school or below

122 (17.1)

93 (12.5)

 

27 (12.3)

20 (9.1)

 

 Middle/high school

392 (54.8)

515 (69.3)

 

118 (53.6)

123 (55.9)

 

 Bachelor’s degree or above

197 (27.6)

135 (18.2)

 

75 (34.1)

77 (35.0)

 

Income

  

0.333

  

0.917

  < 5000

215 (30.1)

244 (32.7)

 

63 (28.6)

60 (27.3)

 

 5000–10,000

255 (35.7)

240 (32.2)

 

74 (33.6)

73 (33.2)

 

  > 10,000

245 (34.3)

262 (35.1)

 

83 (37.7)

87 (39.5)

 

Marital status

  

P < 0.001**

  

0.643

 Unmarried

34 (4.8)

88 (11.8)

 

22 (10)

25 (11.4)

 

 Married

681 (95.2)

658 (88.2)

 

198 (90)

195 (88.6)

 

Health status

  

P < 0.001**

  

0.679

 Fair or poor

586 (82)

536 (71.8)

 

155 (70.5)

151 (68.6)

 

 Very good or good

129 (18)

210 (28.2)

 

65 (29.5)

69 (31.4)

 

Chronic diseases

  

P < 0.001**

  

0.302

 No

282 (39.4)

552 (74)

 

147 (66.8)

157 (71.4)

 

 Yes

433 (60.6)

194 (26)

 

73 (33.2)

63 (28.6)

 

Number of CHC visits in the last year

  

P < 0.001**

  

0.093

  < 6

270 (37.8)

522 (70)

 

121 (55)

143 (65.0)

 

 6–30

377 (52.7)

214 (28.7)

 

91 (41.4)

72 (32.7)

 

  > 30

68 (9.5)

10 (1.3)

 

8 (3.6)

5 (2.3)

 

Contracted with PCP

  

P < 0.001**

  

1.000

 Yes

96 (13.4)

35 (4.7)

 

19 (8.6)

17 (7.7)

 

 No

619 (86.6)

711 (95.3)

 

201 (91.4)

203 (92.3)

 

Social medical insurance

  

P < 0.001**

  

1.000

Basic medical insurance systems for urban workers

506 (70.8)

121 (16.2)

 

120 (54.5)

120 (54.5)

 

Basic medical insurance systems for residents

190 (26.6)

334 (44.8)

 

82 (37.3)

82 (37.3)

 

Without medical insurance

19 (2.6)

291 (39)

 

18 (8.2)

18 (8.2)

 
  1. Note:1. N number of patients; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; PSM propensity score matching, PCP primary care physician
  2. 2. Differences were explored using the chi-square test between urban locals (with ‘hukou’) and rural-to-urban migrants (without ‘hukou’) who settled permanently or temporarily somewhere other than the original household registration location before and after propensity score matching