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Table 2 Baseline individual woman and household characteristics by study arms

From: Who benefits from increased service utilisation? Examining the distributional effects of payment for performance in Tanzania

Characteristics

Description/subgroup

Intervention arm (n = 1376)

Comparison arm (n = 1468)

Difference

Panel A: Predisposing factors

 Marital status

=1 for married woman (%)

69.9

64.2

5.7b

 Age

Mean maternal age (15–49) years [SD]

26.5 [6.7]

26.3 [6.5]

0.2

 Age

=1 for younger below median age (25 years) (%)

50.9

50.5

0.4

 Education

=1 for primary education/above (%)

80.3

80.2

0.1

 Occupation

=1 for farming activities (%)

46.0

54.5

–8.5b

 Religion

=1 for Muslim woman (%)

86.5

66.6

19.9a

 Parity

Mean number of births [SD]

2.7 [1.8]

2.6 [1.7]

0.1

 Parity

=1 for one birth (%)

32.4

31.6

0.8

 Household size

Mean number of household members [SD]

4.7 [1.8]

4.8 [1.8]

−0.1

 Household size

=1 for small/below the median size of 5 members (%)

51.1

50.5

0.6

Panel B: Enabling factors

 Health insurance status

=1 for insured woman (%)

8.6

8.5

0.1

 Household wealth status

Mean household wealth index [SD]

−0.43 [2.7]

0.34 [3.3]

−0.77b

 Wealth status –tercile 1

=1 for poorest household (%)

38.3

29.4

8.9b

 Wealth status –tercile 2

=1 for middle wealth household (%)

33.6

33.3

0.3

 Wealth status –tercile 3

=1 for least poor household (%)

28.1

37.3

−9.2b

 Place of residence

=1 for rural district (%)

79.3

84.1

−4.8

  1. SD=Standard Deviation; Subgroups of predisposing factors include: marital status (married vs. none), maternal age (15–49) years (below vs. above the median age of 25), education (no education vs. primary level/above), occupation (farmer vs. non-farmer), religion (Muslim vs. non-Muslim), number of births/parity (parity 1 vs. parity 2/above), and household size (below vs. above the median size of 5 members); Subgroups of enabling factors include: health insurance status (any insurance vs. none), place of residence (rural vs. urban district), and household wealth status subgroups (wealth terciles); adenotes significance at 1%, bat 5%, and cat 10% level