Table 3 The WHODAS 2.0 scores of the general adult population and the adults with disabilities in Taiwan (Do = domain)
General adults – performance (n = 1100) | Do1. cognition | Do2. mobility | Do3. self-care | Do4. getting along | Do5–1. life activities: household | Do5–2. life activities: work and school tasks | Do6. participation | Summary score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | 4.05 ± 10.42 | 4.00 ± 11.80 | 1.62 ± 7.71 | 3.34 ± 10.38 | 4.52 ± 13.32 | 2.60 ± 9.21 | 6.08 ± 12.46 | 4.14 ± 9.21 |
Paired t-test¥ | 5.20*** | 4.28*** | 4.24*** | 3.24** | 4.78*** | 3.98*** | 5.48*** | 6.22*** |
Median | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Range | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–90 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–99.06 |
Floor effecta (n/%) | 833(75.7) | 919(82.9) | 1028(93.5) | 944(85.8) | 935(85) | 833(88.2) | 728(66.2) | 634(57.6) |
Ceiling effecta (n/%) | 2(0.2) | 1(0.1) | 0 | 1(0.1) | 4(0.4) | 2(0.2) | 1(0.1) | 0 |
General adults – Capability (n = 1100) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 4.66 ± 12.07 | 4.51 ± 13.36 | 2.05 ± 9.72 | 3.84 ± 12.06 | 5.44 ± 15.98 | 2.98 ± 10.37 | 6.58 ± 13.44 | 4.71 ± 10.66 |
 Median | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
 Range | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 |
 Floor effecta (n/%) | 823(74.8) | 907(82.5) | 1020(92.7) | 938(85.3) | 923(83.9) | 823(87.3) | 719(65.4) | 627(56.0) |
 Ceiling effecta (n/%) | 3(0.3) | 1(0.1) | 1(0.1) | 2(0.2) | 6(0.5) | 2(0.2) | 1(0.1) | 1(0.1) |
Adults with disabilities – Performance (n = 144,850) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 39.77 ± 31.75 | 38.71 ± 34.20 | 25.24 ± 30.59 | 49.11 ± 34.15 | 53.08 ± 39.96 | 82.33 ± 34.51 | 43.23 ± 26.53 | 45.10 ± 25.54 |
 Paired t-test ¥ | 153.87*** | 217.91*** | 215.49*** | 102.09*** | 141.36*** | 49.47*** | 154.99*** | 264.43*** |
 Median | 35 | 31.25 | 10 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 41.67 | 42.45 |
 Range | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 |
 Floor effecta (n/%) | 19,124(13.2) | 33,140(22.9) | 58,198(40.2) | 23,692(16.4) | 34,425(23.8) | 6667(7.6) | 5949(4.1) | 1198(0.8) |
 Ceiling effecta (n/%) | 12,282(8.5) | 13,893(9.6) | 7922(5.5) | 19,192(13.2) | 42,978(29.7) | 68,458(77.6) | 5218(3.6) | 2415(1.7) |
Adults with disabilities – Capability (n = 144,850) | ||||||||
 Mean ± SD | 43.37 ± 32.26 | 48.15 ± 38.92 | 39.85 ± 38.56 | 51.66 ± 34.49 | 62.27 ± 37.81 | 83.65 ± 32.87 | 47.01 ± 27.39 | 51.12 ± 27.46 |
 Median | 40 | 43.75 | 30 | 50 | 70 | 100 | 45.83 | 49.06 |
 Range | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 | 0–100 |
 Floor effecta (n/%) | 15,841(10.9) | 28,782(19.9) | 44,495(30.7) | 21,614(14.9) | 21,021(14.5) | 5270(6) | 4533(3.1) | 782(0.5) |
Ceiling effecta (n/%) | 14,696(10.1) | 33,360(23) | 23,734(16.4) | 22,820(15.8) | 53,377(36.8) | 68,910(47.6) | 7540(5.2) | 4336(3) |