Table 1 Descriptive statistics
Variables | All | Rural | Urban | p a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 No | 44,614 (75.99) | 27,473 (78.35) | 17,141 (72.49) |  |
 Yes | 14,099 (24.01) | 7593 (21.65) | 6506 (27.51) |  |
Detection, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 No | 8525 (60.47) | 5236 (68.96) | 3289 (50.55) |  |
 Yes | 5574 (39.53) | 2357 (31.04) | 3217 (49.45) |  |
Medication Use, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 No | 1289 (23.13) | 731 (31.01) | 558 (17.35) |  |
 Yes | 4285 (76.87) | 1626 (68.99) | 2659 (82.65) |  |
Control variables | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, mean (SD) | 47.59 (15.62) | 46.57 (15.20) | 49.11 (16.12) | 0.000 |
Sex, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Male (Ref.) | 27,591 (46.99) | 16,174 (46.12) | 11,417 (48.28) |  |
 Female | 31,122 (53.01) | 18,892 (53.88) | 12,230 (51.72) |  |
Marital status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Married (Ref.) | 48,275 (82.22) | 29,244 (83.40) | 19,031 (80.48) |  |
 Others | 10,438 (17.78) | 5822 (16.60) | 4616 (19.52) |  |
Education, mean (SD) | 7.13 (4.33) | 5.92 (3.83) | 8.93 (4.40) | 0.000 |
Income (RMB in 2011 value), mean (SD) | 8765.63 (12149.52) | 6555.21 (9827.00) | 12043.44 (14328.87) | 0.000 |
Types of medical insurance, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 None (Ref.) | 29,488 (50.22) | 19,956 (56.91) | 9532 (40.31) |  |
 NCMS | 15,056 (25.64) | 13,728 (39.15) | 1328 (5.62) |  |
 URBMI | 2707 (4.61) | 233 (0.66) | 2474 (10.46) |  |
 UEBMI | 4728 (8.05) | 251 (0.72) | 4477 (18.93) |  |
 Others | 6734 (11.47) | 898 (2.56) | 5836 (24.68) |  |
Smoking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Never | 40,235 (68.53) | 23,635 (67.40) | 16,600 (70.20) |  |
 Ever | 1487 (2.53) | 706 (2.01) | 781 (3.30) |  |
 Current | 16,991 (28.94) | 10,725 (30.59) | 6266 (26.50) |  |
Drinking, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Never (Ref.) | 38,910 (66.27) | 23,476 (66.95) | 15,434 (65.27) |  |
  ≤ 3 drinks/month | 6272 (10.68) | 3515 (10.02) | 2757 (11.66) |  |
 1–2 drink/week | 4863 (8.28) | 2804 (8.00) | 2059 (8.71) |  |
  ≥ 3 drinks/week | 8668 (14.76) | 5271 (15.03) | 3397 (14.37) |  |
BMI, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Underweight (Ref.) | 3917 (6.67) | 2646 (7.55) | 1271 (5.37) |  |
 Normal | 34,384 (58.56) | 21,889 (62.42) | 12,495 (52.84) |  |
 Overweight | 15,730 (26.79) | 8267 (23.58) | 7463 (31.56) |  |
 Obese | 4682 (7.97) | 2264 (6.46) | 2418 (10.23) |  |
Area, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Western (Ref.) | 15,065 (25.66) | 10,112 (28.84) | 4953 (20.95) |  |
 Northeastern | 18,208 (31.01) | 11,578 (33.02) | 6630 (28.04) |  |
 Central | 10,745 (18.30) | 6360 (18.14) | 4385 (18.54) |  |
 Eastern | 14,695 (25.03) | 7016 (20.01) | 7679 (32.47) |  |
Wave, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 1993 (Ref.) | 6644 (11.32) | 4287 (12.23) | 2357 (9.97) |  |
 1997 | 7347 (12.51) | 4660 (13.29) | 2687 (11.36) |  |
 2000 | 7704 (13.12) | 4618 (13.17) | 3086 (13.05) |  |
 2004 | 7952 (13.54) | 4917 (14.02)) | 3035 (12.83) |  |
 2006 | 7425 (12.65) | 5007 (14.28) | 2418 (10.23) |  |
 2009 | 9303 (15.84) | 5498 (15.68) | 3805 (16.09) |  |
 2011 | 12,338 (21.01) | 6079 (17.34) | 6259 (26.47) |  |
 observations | 58,713 | 35,066 (59.72) | 23,647 (40.28) |  |