Equitable health services for the young? A decomposition of income-related inequalities in young adults’ utilization of health care in Northern Sweden

Mosquera, Paola A.; Waenerlund, Anna-Karin; Goicolea, Isabel; Gustafsson, Per E.

doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0520-3

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 2 Decomposition of the concentration index of youth clinic utilization among young people in Northern Sweden

From: Equitable health services for the young? A decomposition of income-related inequalities in young adults’ utilization of health care in Northern Sweden

	Women					Men					Total
	Coeff	Elast	CI	Cont to C	%	Coeff	Elast	CI	Cont to C	%	Coeff	Elast	CI	Cont to C	%
Sex
Men
Women											0.213***	2.264	−0.013	−0.031	−31.4
Age
16–18 years
19–22 years	−0.072	−0.145	0.104	−0.015	−9.0	−0.022	−0.242	0.016	−0.004	6.1	−0.051*	−0.155	0.066	−0.010	−10.6
23–25 years	−0.139**	−0.186	−0.306	0.057	34.3	−0.053*	−0.366	−0.079	0.029	−45.8	−0.098***	−0.195	−0.215	0.042	43.3
Self-rated health
Very good
Good	0.040	0.095	0.012	0.001	0.7	−0.002	−0.024	−0.020	0.000	−0.7	0.020	0.072	−0.002	0.000	−0.2
Fair	0.027	0.022	−0.074	−0.002	−1.0	−0.014	−0.043	−0.129	0.006	−8.7	0.002	0.002	−0.098	0.000	−0.2
Poor/Very poor	−0.037	−0.006	−0.081	0.000	0.3	−0.013	−0.007	−0.143	0.001	−1.6	−0.023	−0.005	−0.104	0.000	0.5
Long term illness	−0.082**	−0.471	−0.014	0.006	3.8	−0.004	−0.119	−0.008	0.001	−1.4	−0.043**	−0.376	−0.011	0.004	4.3
Mental health	0.002	0.231	−0.004	−0.001	−0.6	0.002	0.789	−0.012	−0.010	15.2	0.002	0.305	−0.009	−0.003	−2.9
Health complaints	0.002	0.132	−0.016	−0.002	−1.3	0.001	0.228	−0.012	−0.003	4.2	0.001	0.064	−0.017	−0.001	−1.1
Alcohol problems	0.072	0.033	0.029	0.001	0.6	0.011	0.033	−0.117	−0.004	6.2	0.043	0.033	−0.037	−0.001	−1.3
Drug use	0.106	0.018	0.068	0.001	0.8	0.048*	0.066	−0.084	−0.006	8.7	0.093**	0.029	−0.005	0.000	−0.2
Violence	0.057	0.020	−0.115	−0.002	−1.4	0.039	0.086	−0.085	−0.007	11.6	0.047	0.027	−0.098	−0.003	−2.7
Subtotal Need				0.045	27.2				0.004	−6.5				−0.002	−2.3
Household income
Lowest quintile	−0.109**	−0.096	−0.795	0.076	46.1	0.007	0.037	−0.790	−0.029	45.6	−0.049**	−0.065	−0.794	0.052	53.3
2	−0.070**	−0.061	−0.397	0.024	14.7	0.030	0.150	−0.394	−0.059	93.0	−0.031	−0.024	−0.483	0.012	11.9
3	−0.070	−0.061	0.000	0.000	0.0	0.016	0.078	0.001	0.000	−0.1	0.031	0.030	−0.228	−0.007	−7.1
4	−0.064	−0.056	0.397	−0.022	−13.5	0.004	0.019	0.396	0.008	−11.9	−0.035	−0.045	0.106	−0.005	−4.9
Highest quintile
Education level
Low level
Medium/High level	−0.056	−0.370	−0.053	0.020	11.9	0.008	0.281	−0.003	−0.001	1.4	−0.023	−0.236	−0.033	0.008	8.0
Type of occupation
Studying
Working	−0.094**	−0.109	−0.127	0.014	8.4	−0.007	−0.049	0.048	−0.002	3.7	−0.049**	−0.090	−0.050	0.004	4.6
Unemployed	0.011	0.005	−0.101	0.000	−0.3	−0.007	−0.021	−0.151	0.003	−4.9	0.008	0.006	−0.116	−0.001	−0.7
Other	0.007	0.003	−0.018	0.000	0.0	−0.002	−0.004	−0.116	0.000	−0.7	0.005	0.003	−0.057	0.000	−0.2
Place of birth
Sweden
Other country	−0.154	−0.719	−0.007	0.005	3.2	−0.005	−0.144	−0.020	0.003	−4.7	−0.079	−0.567	−0.013	0.008	7.8
Cash margin
Yes
No	−0.025	−0.042	−0.053	0.002	1.3	0.005	0.042	−0.101	−0.004	6.7	−0.009	−0.023	−0.076	0.002	1.8
Youth clinic
Yes
No	−0.044	−0.067	0.043	−0.003	−1.7	0.005	0.041	−0.002	0.000	0.2	−0.017	−0.040	0.022	−0.001	−0.9
Subtotal Non-Need				0.116	70.0				−0.081	128.3				0.072	73.6
Total				0.161					−0.077					0.069
Residual				0.005					0.014					0.028
C				0.166***					−0.063					0.097**
HI				0.121***					−0.068					0.099**

Coeff Marginal effects from the probit model, Elast elasticity, CI Concentration index of the social determinants, Cont to C Contribution to the overall concentration index, % unadjusted percentage calculated on the overall explained portion of the C
* 0.01 ≤ p < 0.05; ** 0.001 ≤ p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

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