Table 1 Problems unique to the major types of immigrants and refugees

• Unmet expectations

• High cost of medication and non-basic health care services. Could receive support from supporting family.

• Unmet expectations

• High cost of medication and non-basic health care services. Barriers are greater for low income families.

• Unmet expectations

• High cost of medication and non-basic health care services. Barriers are greater for low income families.

• Less than ideal care that lacked cultural sensitivity

• Less than ideal care that lacked cultural sensitivity

• Less than ideal care that lacked cultural sensitivity

• Unfamiliarity with a new system of health. (Dependent on host family for orientation)

• Unfamiliarity with a new system of health. Could benefit from government funded orientation about the health care system

• Unfamiliarity with a new system of health. Dependent on their sponsor for orientation about the health care system

• A lack of transport services. Could receive support from the supporting family

• A lack of transport services especially for low income families.

• A lack of transport services especially for low income families.

• Employment challenges. Challenges are greater for families with children

• Employment challenges. Could benefit from government funded employment assistance services

• Employment challenges. Challenges are greater for families with children

• Language and linguistic challenges

• Language and linguistic challenges

• Language and linguistic challenges

• Lack of access to interpretation services. (Dependent on host family for interpretation)

• Dissatisfaction with translation services

• Lack of access to interpretation services. (Dependent on the type of sponsor, i.e. organization or individual)

• Limited social support. (Dependent on host availability)

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• Limited social support that includes orientation. (Dependent on the type of sponsor, i.e. organization or individual)