Interventions promoting healthy eating as a tool for reducing social inequalities in diet in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

Mayén, Ana-Lucia; de Mestral, Carlos; Zamora, Gerardo; Paccaud, Fred; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Bovet, Pascal; Stringhini, Silvia

doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0489-3

International Journal for Equity in Health

Table 3 Healthy eating outcomes and effect of healthy eating interventions to reduce social inequalities in diet

From: Interventions promoting healthy eating as a tool for reducing social inequalities in diet in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review

		Healthy eating outcomes
Study	Measures for outcomes	Effect	No effect	Effect on social inequalities in diet
Interventions focused on disadvantaged populations
Constante Jaime P, et al. 2006 [31]	% FV intake in respect to total food energy purchased before and after the intervention	The % increased 2.58%	─	↓
Lucumi DI, et al. 2006 [33]	Intake of FV	Vegetables or salad intake increased from 44 to 65%	Fruit intake increased from 55 to 56% (p = 0.87)	↓
White SC, et al. 2006 [34]	Intake of 4 or more servings of FV/day	FV intake of 4 or more servings/day decreased from 45 to 2% in Panama and from 45 to 19% in Trinidad and Tobago	─	↑
Vio F, et al. 2011 [32]	Changes in food behavior	Skim milk and whole bread intake increased from 0.2 day/week to 0.4 day/week and 0.6 day/week to 1.6 day/week respectively in intervention group	FV intake did not significantly increase after intervention	↓
Interventions addressing the entire population
Zammit N, et al. 2015 [36]	Intake ≥5 servings of FV/day	FV intake increased from 29 to 43% in low & middle SES and from 40 to 61% in middle & high SES participants in intervention group	─	↔
Zammit N, et al. 2015 [36]	Intake ≥5 servings of FV/day	FV intake increased from 46 to 69% in the low & middle SES participants and from 56 to 70% in the middle & high SES participants in control group	─
Bhiri S, et al. 2015 [37]	Intake ≥5 servings of FV/day	FV intake increased from 42 to 55% in intervention group of medium SES employees, and from 45 to 55% in intervention group of office staff employees	FV intake increased from 49 to 51% in intervention group of low SES employees (p = 0.43), and from 48 to 51% in intervention group of worker employees (p = 0.20)	↔
Sadeghi M, et al. 2011 [35]	Changes in food behavior (dietary index)	Global dietary index decreased from 1.03 ± 0.28 to 0.80 ± 0.30 in homemakers and from 1.12 ± 0.26 to 0.82 ± 0.32 in working women	─	↔

FV fruit and vegetables, SES socioeconomic status. The effect on social inequalities in diet is displayed symbolically in the table as: ↓ for an intervention likely to reduce social inequalities in diet (intervention improved dietary outcomes in individuals with low SES); ↑ for an intervention likely to increase social inequalities in diet (intervention improved dietary outcomes in individuals with high SES); ↔ for an intervention likely to have no impact on social inequalities in diet

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ISSN: 1475-9276

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